This section briefly describes the major networking capabilities supported by Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX.
Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX supports multicast Ethernet packets. A multicast packet is identified by the first bit in the MAC destination address. Such a MAC address will never appear as a source address, and so multicast destination addresses (TIDs) are not learned. Since unknown destination addresses are treated as broadcast, multicast packets/frames are sent to ALL ports in the VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q) or Transparent LAN (customer/port tag) for that packet.
With the LNW73/73C, Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX supports native SAN interfaces integrated into the Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX shelf. The LNW73/73C is a Storage Area Networking (SAN) interface card designed to facilitate SAN distance extensions via the use of GFP-T (G.7041) to encapsulate SAN traffic and transport it over SONET networks. It utilizes PTM optics to provide the option of FICON, ESCON, or Fibre-channel interfaces natively on the Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX shelf. Each pack must be equipped with only one type of PTM (either FICON/FC or ESCON) and can be housed in Slot A1, B1, C1, D1, or G1. The LNW73/73C can operate at 1 Gbps or 2 Gbps. When the pack is operating at 2 Gbps only every other port may be used. So, the total number of SAN interfaces on an Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX shelf is 20 when the LNW73/73C is operating at 1G FC/FICON or ESCON, and 10 when it is set to 2G FC/FICON.
For information about Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX interworking as certified by EMC eLab Testing, see EMC certification.
The implementation of SAN compression enables a high throughput of up to two full-line rate FC-2G interfaces in a single pack.
Data compression is supported on LNW73C SAN packs. The LNW73C is able to compress asynchronous Fibre Channel traffic and conserve up to 50% of bandwidth versus uncompressed asynchronous FC traffic in typical applications.
Compression for asynchronous FC traffic is pre-standard and will be standardized by FC-BB-4.
Ethernet requires a network with a tree structure in order to work effectively. Ethernet bridges and switches build tables that define the paths to specific devices. A MAC bridge, for example, will have a filtering database that defines where to send any packets addressed to a specific MAC within the network. The tables are built based on input from devices within the network. Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX supports an improved/faster spanning tree algorithm, documented in IEEE 802.1w Rapid Re-configuration.
LNW170 support spanning tree on LAN ports in addition to VCG ports.
If there is a loop in the network, that is, if there is more than one way to get to a destination device, two problems can result:
Frames may be duplicated in the network.
The address information is changed as packets from that device are received across different paths. In a meshed network, the re-configuration of the filtering database can begin to use up all the network resources, so that little bandwidth is left for data traffic.
The spanning tree accomplishes two important functions:
Important!
Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX has been designed with multi-vendor interoperability in mind. As many vendors' equipment (including legacy equipment) may not be able to use IEEE802.1w, Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX can automatically fall back on IEEE802.1d in the event that other NEs in the network are running standard spanning tree protocol. However Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX employs IEEE 802.1w as a default spanning tree protocol.
The RSTP maintenance enhancements for the LNW170 circuit packs include the following:
New performance monitoring counters for VCG and LAN ports or Link Aggregation Groups (LAGs) to record spanning tree modification status
Spanning tree group Automatic Lock parameter to disable a port which is unstable or rapidly reconfiguring. When the Automatic Lock parameter is enabled and any port in the Spanning Tree Group experiences a threshold-crossing alert (TCA) on the spanning tree state counter, the port is moved to the disabled-failure state preventing traffic flow until released.
Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX supports link aggregation on any two LNW170 LAN ports of the same rate (i.e. 100 or 100 Mbps) operating in switched mode. With the LNW170, the ports can be on the same or different LNW170 packs in an equipment-protected pair.
Link aggregation can be used to enable hitless bandwidth increases and both facility and equipment protection on LNW170 LAN ports.
Ordinarily, multiple Ethernet links between two bridges form loops (unless a spanning tree blocks all but one) so they can't be used to increase bandwidth. Link Aggregation causes defined groups of links to be treated as a single logical link, making multiple LAN ports appear as one. In this way, Bandwidth can be increased without requiring an upgrade to a higher rate link.
Link aggregation can also remove failed links automatically, thereby providing a means of facility protection. More links than are needed can be added to the group and each is active until it fails (similar to utilizing LCAS protection for SONET). When two links are on different packs they can provide both, facility and equipment protection. In Active/Standby LAG, one link of the LAG is designated as the protection link and the other is the working link. Only the working link carries MAC client traffic when none of the links fails. When the working link fails, the traffic switches to the protection link. The protection switching is bi-directional and revertive.
Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX allows MAC locking on the LNW170. MAC locking prevents unauthorized users from gaining access to the network through an Ethernet port, thereby providing a level of security against intrusion attempts. MAC locking restricts access to a bridged Ethernet network by requiring that the source address of traffic entering a locked port be registered with that port. Any number of ports, LANs, VCG, or link aggregation groups (LAGs) can be locked. Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX permits registering of multiple addresses with a single entity.
Series 1:2 or higher LNW74 circuit packs are supported in both slots of the same function/growth group in systems equipped with VLF circuit packs in the Main slots provided there are no loopbacks provisioned on the electrical ports or cross-connections provisioned on the VCG tributaries of any of the electrical ports. The LNW74 circuit pack supports user-provisionable Ethernet port mode configurations that allow true 0x1 optical operation. When operating in the true 0x1 configuration, the optical LAN ports and their associated VCGs/tributaries are fully operational while all operations on the electrical LAN ports and their associated VCGs/tributaries are denied.
Many hardware and software-based features require the use of the LNW74. LNW87, and LNW170 circuit packs. The features with a circuit pack listed in parenthesis are available only with the use of the indicated pack.
Quality of service (QoS) on Ethernet over SONET (EoS) VCGs is designed to enable aggregation of diverse data streams in multiple topologies amongst LNW170 circuit packs. These topologies include packet rings, hub-and-spoke with LNW170 at the hub, and hybrid ring/hub-and-spoke with LNW170 at the hub.
QoS on EoS VCGs functions by giving EoS VCG ports the same classification options for incoming packets, rate control capabilities for Ethernet services (PIR, CIR), queuing/scheduling capabilities for outgoing, and the same packet transformation functions as on 802.3 LAN ports.
Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX supports rate control at the level of 1 Mbps for Ethernet interfaces. This means that Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX can automatically establish Ethernet transmission channels to fit the need of the user upon connection. For each connection, the Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX will create a virtual channel of the appropriate size (in 1 Mbps intervals) to facilitate the desired Service Level Agreement (SLA). Rate limiting at the 1Mbps level provides a transmission ceiling for highly efficient allocation of shared bandwidth for data communications.
To facilitate affordable and more immediate delivery of Ethernet services on SONET networks, Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX now interworks with new Ethernet circuit packs available for the DDM-2000.
DDM-2000 now supports a circuit pack providing one 100BASE-LX (100 Mbps p/s) and four 10/100BASE-T ports with data transport at the rate of 10/100 Mbps using standard Ethernet switching (IEEE 802.1), standard encapsulation according to ITU G.7041 for Generic Framing Procedure (GFP), ITU G.707 for Virtual Concatenation (VCAT). The DDM-2000 can transmit Ethernet signals across spans as long as 100 meters. The DDM-2000 circuit pack is designed specifically to support Fast Ethernet Private Line applications. Each circuit pack can support 4 private lines. The pack supports VT1.5, STS-1, and STS-3c cross-connections.
The DDM-2000 circuit pack can interwork with the LNW74 and LNW87 circuit packs.
The compact size of the Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX allows you to place two Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX shelves and one Alcatel-Lucent 1675 LambdaUnite MSS in the same bay. As the needs of an access site grow to the point where equipment is required to hub more than 6 OC-48 rings, it becomes advantageous to upgrade an Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX shelf to an Alcatel-Lucent 1675 LambdaUnite MSS. The Short Reach (SR) OC-48 and OC-192 optics supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX are designed for such an application. Once the Alcatel-Lucent 1675 LambdaUnite MSS is installed as the hub-node, the Alcatel-Lucent 1675 LambdaUnite MSS node can hub 64 OC-48 rings or 16 OC-192 rings while simultaneously using the original Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX as a drop node or mini-DCS.
Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX supports revertive and non-revertive unidirectional and bidirectional protection switching for all OC-n interfaces.
Beginning in Release 9.0, you can change 1+1 protection group from unidirectional 1+1 to bidirectional 1+1 in-service without deleting cross-connections.
VT1.5 granularity is provided across any 12 STS-1 signals within the OC-12 high-speed OLIUs (LNW48, LNW50, LNW54, LNW203). VT1.5 granularity is provided across 48 STS-1 signals within the OC-48 OLIUs (LNW27, LNW29, LNW32, LNW76, LNW202). VT1.5 granularity is provided across 48 STS-1 signals within the OC-192 OLIUs (LNW56, LNW58, and LNW502).
On VLF mains, the available VT bandwidth is not pre-allocated to high-speed and/or low-speed interfaces. Instead, both high- and low-speed interfaces have access to any available STS-1 connection to the VT fabric. For the LNW59 and LNW504, 30G of VT bandwidth is shared by the local high-speed and low-speed interfaces. For the LNW82, 10G of VT bandwidth is shared by the local high-speed and low-speed interfaces.
VT1.5 granularity is provided across 96 STS-1s on the LNW80 (Main Switch Pack).
For the VT granularity of the tributary (low-speed) packs, see Optical, tributary interface circuit packs.
Terminal loopbacks are used during installation and maintenance procedures to test the integrity of near and far-end interfaces as well as fibers and system circuitry. Facility loopbacks are used to test the integrity of the customer to provider network link by looping the signals back at the far end and comparing counts of sent and received frames.
Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX supports terminal loopbacks on:
Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX supports facility loopbacks on:
Beginning in Release 9.1, ENT-SYS supports a new parameter, loopback port check (lpbk_port_ck). The parameter controls how loopbacks are handled for PDH, EC1 and Ethernet ports based on the state of those ports.
Test access, a traditional DCS function, allows the user visibility into any DS1/DS3 signal in the network. Test access aids users in turning up connections and in identifying faults in existing service connections.
Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX supports two different types of test access. The non-intrusive method simply taps the channel as it passes through the system and routes it to an external testing device. The more intrusive mode splits the VT1.5 or STS-1 from the incoming signal and sends it to an external testing device. Test access facilitates Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX functioning in a DCS application.
Test access using PRBS generation/detection via the internal test head on the VLF Main allows the user to test network, NE, and facility performance/integrity without an external test head. The VLF Mains contain an internal test head that can generate and detect errors in Pseudo Random Bit Sequences (PRBSs). This capability is not meant to wholly eliminate the use of external equipment for tests, but can be used for expediency, less complicated tests, and where non-manual set-up is advantageous. PRBS enabled test access involves initiating test access, inserting a test signal (i.e. a PRBS) generated internal to the NE, and/or monitoring a received test signal internal to the NE. PRBS generation/detection is supported on STS1 and STS3c tributaries.
Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX allows up to 12 test access sessions at a time and for a mix of test access sessions that specify tatrib(s) and test access sessions to the internal test head within the 12 allowed sessions. The internal test head hardware supports signal generation on up to 12 STS1s, and signal detection on up to 12 STS1s. Internal test access is supported on STS3c signals; requests using the tatrib parameter(s) are denied. It is important to note that when a generator or detector is allocated to an STS3c session, it uses 3 of the 12-STS1 capacity, and that 3 generators or detectors on the STS3c boundary must be available.
By default Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX transmits 00 in the outgoing SS pointer bits for compatibility with SONET interfaces. Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX provides the ability to set the outgoing SS bits to 10 on a LS optical pack basis for compatibility with older SDH equipment. Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX ignores incoming SS bits regardless of the outgoing SS bit provisioning. Most SONET equipment ignores SS bits. Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX is provisionable to support SS bits on a per pack basis. This prevents LOP defects and allows SONET/SDH interworking.
The following circuit packs can be provisioned for 00 or 10 SS bits on a per port basis:
Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX supports automatic ring discovery to better facilitate BLSR interworking with Alcatel-Lucent 1675 LambdaUnite MSS, FT-2000, WaveStar® BandWidth Manager, and WaveStar® 2.5G/10G.
Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX allows the manual provisioning of nonpreemptive unprotected traffic (NUT) for multi-point Ethernet and 0x1 cross-connections on service tributaries. Though this traffic is unprotected, its transmission priority will not be preempted by other service or protection traffic.
E-NNI control plane connections are supported from a single-node access domain to an I-NNI capable edge node of a core domain. Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX or Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMXtend NEs can serve as single-node domain edge nodes and Alcatel-Lucent 1675 LambdaUnite MSS or other vendors’ NEs can serve as the core domain nodes. The transport topology for the E-NNI is SONET linear. Unprotected 0x1 connections and line 1+1 protection are supported.
This capability is supported for Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX equipped with LNW59, LNW82, or LNW504 Main circuit packs. When VLF Main circuit packs are installed, LNW62 and LNW55 OLIUs can be installed in the shelf, and can support this capability on their low-speed interfaces. For additional information, see Control plane E-NNI interface.
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