µ
Microns
µm
Micrometer
1+1 (bidirectional)
The bidirectional 1+1 protection switching architecture protects against failures of the optical transmit/receive equipment and their connecting fiber facility. One bidirectional interface (two fibers plus associated OLIUs on each end) is designated "service," and the other is designated "protection." In each direction, identical signals are transmitted on the service and protection lines ("dual-fed"). The receiving equipment monitors the incoming service and protection lines independently and selects traffic from one line (the "active" line) based on performance criteria and technician/OS control. In bidirectional 1+1 switching, the network elements are not independent. When a protection switch is requested at a network element, both network elements perform protection switching.
1+1 (unidirectional)
The unidirectional 1+1 protection switching architecture protects against failures of the optical transmit/receive equipment and their connecting fiber facility. One bidirectional interface (two fibers plus associated OLIUs on each end) is designated "service," and the other is designated "protection." In each direction, identical signals are transmitted on the service and protection lines ("dual-fed"). The receiving equipment monitors the incoming service and protection lines independently and selects traffic from one line (the "active" line) based on performance criteria and technician/OS control. In unidirectional 1+1 switching, both service and protection lines could be active at the same time (service in one direction, protection in the other).
1GE
Gigabit Ethernet - 1.250 Gbps line rate.
1xN, 1x1
1xN protection switching pertains to circuit pack protection that provides a redundant signal path through Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMXtend (it does not cover protection switching of an optical facility; see "1+1"). In 1xN switching, a group of N service circuit packs share a single spare protection circuit pack. 1x1 is a special case of 1xN, with N=1. In 1x1, only one is active at a time.
802.1Q Mode
In 802.1Q Mode, a circuit pack can be provisioned to use an incoming frame's VLAN tag either to add a VLAN tag associated with the port for untagged frames or to drop an incoming frame if its VLAN tagging does not meet provisioned specifications. The priority bits in an incoming frame's VLAN tag can also be used to affect the handling of the frame.
ABN
Abnormal (status condition)
AC
Alternating Current
ACIDs
Application Context IDs
Active
Active identifies any protected entity which is currently selected by the receiver at either end as the payload carrying signal that is currently carrying service (see Standby).
Adaptive Rate
See Pipe Mode.
Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM)
The term for a synchronous network element capable of combining signals of different rates and having those signals added to or dropped from the stream.
ADM
Add/drop multiplexer
ADR
Add/drop ring
Aging
The filtering database entries are automatically removed after an aging period (300 seconds).
AGNE
Alarm gateway network element
AIS
Alarm indication signal
Alarm
Visible or audible signal indicating that an equipment failure or significant event/condition has occurred.
Alarm Cut-Off (ACO)
A button on the SYSCTL used to silence audible alarms.
Alarm Gateway Network Element (AGNE)
A defined network element in an alarm group through which members of the alarm group exchange information.
Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)
A code transmitted downstream in a digital network that shows that an upstream failure has been detected and alarmed.
Alarm Severity Assignment Profile (ASAP)
A user provisioned mechanism to control an alarm level.
Alien Wavelength
A compatible DWDM optical signal that is sourced or terminated by a different network element.
Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI)
A line code that employs a ternary signal to convey binary digits, in which successive binary ones are represented by signal elements that are normally of alternating, positive and negative, polarity but equal in amplitude, and in which binary zeros are represented by signal elements that have zero amplitude.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
A standard 7-bit code that represents letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and special characters in the interchange of data among computing and communications equipment.
AMI
Alternate Mark Inversion
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
APD
Avalanche PhotoDiode
APS
Automatic Protection Switch
APS Channel
The signalling channel carried in the K1 and K2 bytes of the SONET overhead on the protection line. It is used to exchange requests and acknowledgments for protection switch actions.
ASAP
Alarm Severity Assignment Profile
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASN.1
Abstract Syntax Notation 1
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
A high-speed transmission technology characterized by high bandwidth and low delay. It utilizes a packet switching and multiplexing technique which allocates bandwidth on demand.
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Auto
Automatic
Auto
One possible state of ports, lines, and channels. In this state, the port, line, or channel will automatically be put "in service" if a good signal is detected coming from the DSX panel.
Automatic Protection Switch
A feature that allows another source to be automatically selected and reconfigured in the event of a source failure or network change; for example, a fiber cut.
Avalanche Photodiode (APD)
A diode that increases its electrical conductivity by a multiplication effect when hit by light. APDs are used in lightwave receivers because the APDs have a greater sensitivity to weakened light signals (for example, those which have traveled long distances over fiber).
B3ZS
Bipolar 3-Zero Substitution
B8ZS
Bipolar 8-Zero Substitution
Backbone Ring
A host ring.
Backout
Refers to backing out of an upgrade in progress. A backout returns a node(s) to the pre-upgrade state.
Backup
The backup and restoration features provide the capability to recover from loss of network element data because of such factors as human error, power failure, and network element design flaws.
Bandwidth
The difference in Hz between the highest and lowest frequencies in a transmission channel. The data rate that can be carried by a given communications circuit.
Baud Rate
Transmission rate of data (bits per second) on a network link.
BDFB
Battery Distribution and Fuse Bay
BER
Bit Error Rate
Bidirectional Line
A transmission path consisting of two fibers that handle traffic in both the transmit and receive directions.
Bidirectional Line-Switched Ring (BLSR)
A bidirectional ring in which protection switching is accomplished by switching working traffic into protection time slots in the line going in the opposite direction around the ring.
Bidirectional Ring
A ring in which both directions of traffic between any two nodes travel through the same network elements (although in opposite directions).
Bidirectional Switch
Protection switching performed in both the transmit and receive directions.
BIP
Bit Interleaved Parity
Bipolar 8-Zero Substitution (B8ZS)
A line coding technique that replaces eight consecutive zeros with a bit sequence having special characteristics accomplishing two objectives: First, this bit sequence accommodates the density requirements of the ones for digital T1 carrier; second, the sequence is recognizable at the destination (due to deliberate bipolar violations) and is removed to produce the original signal.
Bit
The smallest unit of information in a computer, with a value of either 0 or 1.
Bit Error Rate (BER)
The ratio of error bits received to the total number of bits transmitted.
Bit Error Rate Threshold
The point at which an alarm is issued for bit errors.
Bit Interleaved Parity-N(BIP-N)
A method of error monitoring over a specified number of bits (BIP-3 or BIP-8).
BITS
Building Integrated Timing Supply
BITS clock
A BITS (Building Integrated Timing Source) clock is a clock within a central office that distributes timing to all the equipment in that central office. The BITS clock is tied to an external, stable timing source, such as a GPS (global positioning satellite).
Blocking
The state in which an Ethernet port does not participate in frame relay. The forwarding process discards received frames.
BLSR
Bidirectional line-switched ring
BPDU
Bridge protocol data unit
Bridge Cross-Connection
Setting up a cross-connection leg with the same input tributary as that of an existing cross-connection leg, forming a 1:2 bridge from an input tributary to two output tributaries.
Broadband
Any communications channel with greater bandwidth than a voice channel; sometimes used synonomously with wideband.
Burst Size
The provisioned burst size determines the length or size of the data burst that is allowed by the peak information rate policer. This affects policing for all VLANs (in 802.1Q mode), all port tags (in transparent mode), and all Private Line services (in Private Line or No Tag mode) on the LNW66 Ethernet circuit packs.
Byte
Refers to a group of eight consecutive binary digits.
C-Bit
A framing format used for DS3 signals produced by multiplexing 28 DS1s into a DS3. This format provides for enhanced performance monitoring of both near-end and far-end entities.
CC
Clear Channel
CCITT
Comité Consultatif International Télégrafique & Téléphonique
(International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative Committee)
CCITT - International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative Committee
An international advisory committee under United Nations sponsorship that has composed and recommended for adoption worldwide standards for international communications. Recently changed to the International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications Standards Sector (ITU-TSS).
CD-ROM
Compact Disk, Read-Only Memory
Channel
A logical signal within a port. For example, for an EC-1 port, there is one STS-1 channel and sometimes 28 VT1.5 channels. See Port.
Channel State Provisioning
A feature that allows a user to suppress reporting of alarms and events during provisioning by supporting multiple states (automatic, in-service and not monitored) for VT1.5 and STS-n channels. See Port State Provisioning.
Circuit
A set of transmission channels through one or more network elements that provides transmission of signals between two points to support a single communications path.
CIT
Craft Interface Terminal
Clear Channel (CC)
A provisionable mode for the DS3 output that causes parity violations not to be monitored or corrected before the DS3 signal is encoded.
CLEI
Common Language Equipment Identifier
Client Signal Fail (CSF)
The local network element sends a Client Signal Fail (CSF) signal to the far-end equipment when a defect is detected in the ingress client signal (Ethernet/Data protocol).
CLK
Clock
CMISE
Common Management Information Service Element
CO
Central Office
Coding Violation (CV)
A performance monitoring parameter indicating that bipolar violations of the signal have occurred.
Collocated
System elements that are located in the same location.
Concatenation
A procedure whereby multiple virtual containers are associated with each other resulting in a combined capacity that can be used as a single container across which bit sequence integrity is maintained.
Constituent Signals
List of received signals for an adaptive rate (pipe mode) optical port.
Cost
Cost is used to help determine the efficiency of any given path. Cost is provisioned for a port (depending on speed of transmission) and calculated automatically for a path (sum of the port costs for the path).
CP
Circuit Pack
CPE
Customer Premises Equipment
CR
Critical (alarm status)
Craft Interface Terminal (CIT)
The user interface terminal used by craft personnel to communicate with a network element.
Credit Interval
The provisioned interval for adding tokens to the token bucket used by the peak information rate policer. This affects policing for all VLANs (in 802.1Q mode), all port tags (in transparent mode), and all Private line services (in Private Line or No Tag mode).
Critical (CR)
Alarm that indicates a severe, service-affecting condition.
CRN
Customer Release Notes
Cross-Connect Capacity
The total bandwidth of cross-connections as measured by the bandwidth of input and output tributaries. A system with N STS-1 equivalent input tributaries and N STS-1 equivalent output tributaries (referred to as "NxN") provides a cross-connection capacity of N STS-1 equivalents. This system could provide N one-way point-to-point cross-connections or N2 two-way point-to-point cross-connections at the equivalent rate of STS-1.
Cross-Connect Loopback
A cross-connection from an input tributary to the output of that same tributary via the cross-connect fabric.
Cross-Connect Rate
The attribute of a cross-connection that defines the constituent signal rate(s) it can carry. For a cross-connection with an STS-3 "pipe" cross-connection rate, the constituent signals carried by the cross-connection can be either an STS-3c signal or three STS-1 signals. Similarly, for a cross-connection with an STS-12 "pipe" cross-connection rate, the constituent signals carried by the cross-connection can be either an STS-1 signal or an allowed mix of STS-12c signals and STS-3c signals.
CSF
Client Signal Fail
CTL
Controller
CTS
Customer Technical Support; now known as Technical Support Services (TSS)
Cut-Through
Refers to a simple ASCII interface to an network element. It enables the user to send TL1 messages directly to the network element with no interpretation or assistance provided by the WaveStar CIT.
CV
Coding Violation
CVFE
Coding Violation Far End
DACS
Digital Access Cross-Connect System
DACS III-2000
Digital Access and Cross-Connect System that provides clear channel switching at either the DS3 or the STS-1 rates, eliminating the need for manual DSXs.
DACS IV-2000
Digital Access and Cross-Connect System that provides electronic DS3/STS-1 or DS1/VT1.5 cross-connect capability, eliminating the need for manual DSXs.
Data Communications Channel (DCC)
The embedded overhead communications channel in the synchronous line, used for end-to-end communications and maintenance. The DCC carries alarm, control, and status information between network elements in a synchronous network.
Data Communications Equipment (DCE)
The equipment that provides signal conversion and coding between the data terminating equipment (DTE) and the line. The DCE may be separate equipment or an integral part of the DTE or of intermediate equipment. A DCE may perform other functions usually performed at the network end of the line.
Data Terminating Equipment (DTE)
The equipment that originates data for transmission and accepts transmitted data.
dB
Decibels
DC
Direct Current
DCC
Data Communications Channel
DCE
Data Communications Equipment
DDM-2000
Alcatel-Lucent SONET multiplexers that multiplex DS1, DS3, or EC-1 inputs into EC-1, OC-1, OC-3, or OC-12 outputs.
Default Provisioning
The parameter values that are preprogrammed as shipped from the factory.
Demultiplexing
A process applied to a multiplexed signal for recovering signals combined within it and for restoring the distinct individual channels of these signals.
DEMUX
Demultiplexer
DEMUX - Demultiplexer
The DEMUX direction is from the fiber toward the DSX.
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
Transmitting two or more signals of different wavelengths simultaneously over a single fiber.
Digital Cross-Connect Panel (DSX)
A panel designed to interconnect to equipment that operates at a designated rate. For example, a DSX-3 interconnects equipment operating at the DS3 rate.
Digital Multiplexer
Equipment that combines time-division multiplexing several digital signals into a single composite digital signal.
Digital Signal Levels 0, 1, 3 (DS0, DS1, DS3)
An ANSI-defined signal or service level corresponding to the following: DS0 is 64 Kb/s, DS1 is 1.544 Mb/s (equivalent to T1), and DS3 is 44.736 Mb/s (equivalent to 28 T1 channels or T3).
Directory Services Network Element (DSNE)
A designated network element that is responsible for administering a database that maps network element names (TIDs) to addresses (NSAPs - network service access points) in an OSI subnetwork. There can be one DSNE per ring. Can also be a GNE.
Disable admin
An Ethernet port that does not participate in the spanning tree. The port is disabled by management.
Disable failure
A port in this state does not participate in the spanning tree. The port is disabled due to a hardware or software failure.
DLC
Digital Loop Carrier
DRI
Dual Ring Interworking
DS1
Digital Signal Level 1
DS3
Digital Signal Level 3
DS3 Format
Specifies the line format of a DS3 interface port, such as M23 or C-bit parity.
DSCP
Differentiated Services Code Point
DSLAM
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
DSNE
Directory Services Network Element
DSX
Digital Cross-Connect Panel
DTE
Data Terminating Equipment
Dual Homing
A network topology in which two OC-3, OC-12, or OC-48 shelves serve as hosts.
DWDM
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
E1
E1 is an SDH/PDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy/Pleiseosynchronous Digital Hierarchy, the European equivalent of SONET/DSx) electrical signal comparable to (but slightly faster than) a DS1. E1 is also sometimes called CEPT-1 (Conference of European Posts and Telecommunications) and is at 2.048 Mb/s.
EC-1
Electrical Carrier Level 1
EC-1, EC-n - Electrical Carrier
The basic logical building block signal with a rate of 51.840 Mb/s for an EC-1 signal and a rate of n times 51.840 Mb/s for an EC-n signal. An EC-1 signal can be built in two ways: A DS1 can be mapped into a VT1.5 signal and 28 VT1.5 signals multiplexed into an EC-1 (VT1.5 based EC-1), or a DS3 can be mapped directly into an EC-1 (DS3 based EC-1).
ECI
Equipment Catalog Item
EEPROM
Electrically-Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EIA
Electronic Industries Association
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
A measure of equipment tolerance to external electromagnetic fields.
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
High-energy, electrically induced magnetic fields that cause data corruption in cables passing through the fields.
Electronic Industries Association (EIA)
A trade association of the electronic industry that establishes electrical and functional standards.
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
Static electrical energy potentially harmful to circuit packs and humans.
EMC
Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI
Electromagnetic Interference
Enterprise Systems Connection (ESCON)
A 200-Mb/s data signal used in storage area networking applications.
EOOF
Excessive Out of Frame
EoS
Ethernet over SONET
EPORT
Ethernet Port
EPROM
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EQ
Equipped (memory administrative state)
EQPT
Equipment
Equipment Catalog Item (ECI)
The bar code number on the faceplate of each circuit pack used by some inventory systems.
Errored Seconds (ES)
A performance monitoring parameter.
ES
Errored Seconds
ESD
Electrostatic Discharge
ESF
Extended Super Frame
EST
Environmental Stress Testing
Establish
A user-initiated command, at the WaveStar CIT, to create an entity and its associated attributes in the absence of certain hardware. (Does not apply to Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMXtend
Event
A significant change. Events in controlled network elements include signal failures, equipment failures, signals exceeding thresholds, and protection switch activity. When an event occurs in a controlled network element, the controlled network element will generate an alarm or status message and send it to the management system.
Extended Superframe Format (ESF)
A T1 format that uses the framing bit for non-intrusive signaling and control. A T1 frame is sent 8,000 times a second, with each frame consisting of a payload of 192 bits, and with each frame preceeded by a framing bit. Because ESF only requires 2,000 framing bits for synchonization, the remaining 6,000 framing bits can be used for error detection.
Externally Timed
An operating condition of a clock in which it is locked to an external reference and is using time constants that are altered to quickly bring the local oscillator's frequency into approximate agreement with the synchronization reference frequency.
Extra traffic
Unprotected traffic that is carried over protection channels when their capacity is not used for the protection of working traffic. However, the extra traffic is unprotected and is preempted (lost) if a protection switch is activated. Preempted traffic is reestablished when the protection switch clears.
Facility
A one- or two-way circuit that carries a transmission signal.
Facility Loopback
A facility loopback is where an entire line is looped back.
Facility Roll
The disconnection of the circuit cross-connecting input tributary to an output tributary followed, within the required completion time, by a cross-connection of an input tributary to an output tributary.
Failure Rate (FIT)
Circuit pack failure rates per 109 hours as calculated using the method described in Reliability Prediction Procedure for Electronic Equipment, Telcordia ® Method I, Issue 5, September 1995. One FIT represents one failure per billion operating hours.
Far End (FE)
Any other network element in a maintenance subnetwork other than the one the user is at or is working on. Also called remote.
Far-End Receive Failure (FERF)
An indication returned to a transmitting network element that the receiving network element has detected an incoming section failure. Also known as RFI (Remote Failure Indication).
Fault
Term used when a circuit pack has a hard (not temporary) fault and cannot perform its normal function.
Fault Management
Collecting, processing, and forwarding of autonomous messages from network elements.
FC
Fibre Channel
FC - 1G
Fibre Channel - 1 Gigabit
FC -2G
Fibre Channel - 2 Gigabit
FC-100
Fibre Channel 100 MBps Interface - 1.0625 Gbps line rate.
FC-200
FFibre Channel 200 MBps Interface - 2.125 Gbps line rate.
FCC
Federal Communications Commission
FE
Far End
FE
Fast Ethernet
FE ACTY
Far End Activity
FEBE
Far End Block Error
FEC
Forward Error Correction
FEPROM
Flash EPROM
Fibre Channel - 1G (FC-1G)
A Fibre Channel 1.0625 Gb/s data signal.
Fibre Channel -2G (FC-2G)
A Fibre Channel 2.1250 Gb/s data signal.
Fibre Connection (FICON)
A 1.0625 Gb/s data signal.
File Transfer and Access Management (FTAM)
FTAM is the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) standard for file transfer, file access, and file management.
Filtering database
The filtering database maintains a dynamic list of paths to which packets should be routed based on the destination address. The database entries are created, updated, and removed by the learning process.
FIT
Failures in 109 hours of operation.
Flash EPROM
A technology that combines the nonvolatility of EPROM with the in-circuit reprogrammability of EEPROM (electrically-erasable PROM).
FN
Function Unit
Forced
Term used when a protected entity (either working or protection) has been locked into a service-providing state by user command.
Forced Switch to Protection
The WaveStar CIT command that forces the protection group to be the "Active Unit." The clear command is required to remove the Forced Switch state. While in the Forced Switch state, the system may not switch the active unit either automatically, by means of the WaveStar CIT Forced Switch or Manual Switch command.
Forwarding
The state in which an Ethernet port participates in frame relay.
Free Running
An operating condition of a clock in which its local oscillator is locked to an internal synchronization reference and is using no storage techniques to sustain its accuracy.
FT-2000
An Alcatel-Lucent SONET OC-48 Lightwave System.
FTAM
File Transfer and Access Management
FTAM-FTP Gateway
The Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMXtend supports an FTAM-FTP gateway function. This is also referred to as file transfer translation device (FTTD). The FTTD translates FTAM over OSI presentation to FTP over TCP/IP.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
FTTD
File Transfer Translation Device
Function Unit (FN)
Refers to any one of a number of different circuit packs that can reside in the A, B, C, or D function unit slots on Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMXtend.
Gateway Network Element (GNE)
A network element that passes information between other network elements and management systems through a data communication network.
GB
Gigabytes
Gb/s
Gigabits per second
GbE
Gigabit Ethernet
Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)
The Generic Framing Procedure, described in ITU-T G.7041/Y1303, provides a generic mechanism to adapt traffic from higher-layer client signals over a SONET network.
GFP
Generic Framing Procedure
GHz
Gigahertz
GNE
Gateway Network Element
GR-XXX
Telcordia ® General Requirement-XXX
GUI
Graphical User Interface
Hairpin Routing
A cross-connection between function units (inter-function unit). For example, function unit C to function units A, B, or D. Also, a cross-connection within the same function unit (intra-function unit). Cross-connections go through Main, but no bandwidth or time slots are taken from the backbone ring. Eliminates need for another shelf.
Hashed FTP
The hashed FTP (digital signature) capability prevents tampering with a downloadable software image.
Holdover
An operating condition of a network element in which its local oscillator is not locked to any synchronization reference but is using storage techniques to maintain its accuracy with respect to the last known frequency comparison with a synchronization reference.
HS
High Speed
Hz
Hertz
I/O
Input/Output
IAO LAN
Intraoffice Local Area Network
ID
Identifier
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IMF
Infant Mortality Factor
In-Service (IS)
A memory administrative state for ports. IS refers to a port that is fully monitored and alarmed.
INC
Incoming Status
Insert
To physically insert a circuit pack into a slot, thus causing a system-initiated restoral of an entity into service and/or creation of an entity and associated attributes.
Intermediate Reach (IR)
A term used to describe distances of 15 to 40 km between optical transmitter and receiver without regeneration. See long reach.
IP
Internet Protocol
IR
Intermediate Reach
IS
In Service
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO
International Standards Organization
ISP
Internet Service Provider
Jitter
Timing jitter is defined as short-term variations of the significant instants of a digital signal from their ideal positions in time.
Jumbo frame
Jumbo frames increase network efficiency by reducing the number of frames to be processed.
Kb/s
Kilobits per second
LAG
Link Aggregation Group
LAN
Local Area Network
LAPD
Link Access Procedure "D"
LBC
Laser Bias Current
LBO
Lightguide Build Out
LCAS
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
LCN
Local Communications Network
LEC
Local Exchange Carrier
LED
Light-Emitting Diode
LFD
Loss of Frame Delineation
LGX
Lightguide Cross-Connect
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Used on a circuit pack faceplate to show failure (red) or service state. It is also used to show the alarm and status condition of the system.
Lightguide Build-Out (LBO)
An attenuating (signal-reducing) element used to keep an optical output signal strength within desired limits.
Lightguide Cross-Connect (LGX)
A SONET device that contains ports for optical fiber connections to an optical network element. An LGX is used to make and change connections to an network element without changing the cabling on the network element itself.
Line
A transmission medium, together with the associated equipment, required to provide the means of transporting information between two consecutive network elements. One network element originates the line signal; the other terminates it.
Line Timing
The capability to directly derive clock timing from an incoming OC-N signal while providing the user the capability to provision whether switching to an alternate OC-N from a different source (as opposed to entering holdover) will occur if the OC-N currently used as the timing reference for that network element becomes unsuitable as a reference. For example, intermediate nodes in a linear network are line timed. See Loop Timing.
Link Aggregation
A method of combining a group of IEEE 802.3 Ethernet links into a single logical link of up to the aggregate rate.
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)
LCAS is an enhancement to SONET/SDH Virtual Concatenation that allows adding or removing Virtual Concatenation Group (VCG) members, to vary its bandwidth, by management command. It also automatically removes and restores failed members.
Listening
The state in which an Ethernet port is preparing to participate in frame relay. In the listening state, frame relay is disabled. This is an interim state between blocking and learning.
LOA
Loss of Alignment
Local
See Near-End.
Local Area Network (LAN)
A communications network that covers a limited geographic area, is privately owned and user administered, is mostly used for internal transfer of information within a business, is normally contained within a single building or adjacent group of buildings, and transmits data at a very rapid speed.
Locked DSn Cross-Connections
Locked DSn cross-connections add/drop traffic to/from only one rotation of a UPSR. Path switching is disabled. Time slots can be reused at different nodes around the UPSR.
LOF
Loss of Frame
Long Reach (LR)
A term used to describe distances of 40 km or more between optical transmitter and receiver without regeneration. See Intermediate Reach.
Loopback
Type of diagnostic test used to compare an original transmitted signal with the resulting received signal. A loopback is established when the received optical or electrical external transmission signal is sent from a port or tributary input directly back toward the output.
LOP
Loss of Pointer
LOS
Loss of Signal
Loss of Alignment (LOA)
One or more STS-1s that compose a VCG are out of multiframe alignment because of excess delay difference.
Loss of Frame (LOF)
A failure to synchronize to an incoming signal.
Loss of Frame Delineation (LFD)
Lack of sufficient bandwidth that is reported when there is a mismatch in the number of STS tributaries.
Loss of Pointer (LOP)
A failure to extract good data from an STS-n payload.
Loss of Signal (LOS)
The complete absence of an incoming signal.
LPBK
Loopback
LR
Long Reach
LS
Low Speed
M23-Format
A standard framing format used for DS3 signals produced by multiplexing 28 DS1s into a DS3 (sometimes referred to as M13-format, without C-bit parity).
MAC
Media Access Control
MAC Address
A unique hardware address that identifies each node of a network.
Main
The two slots (M1 and M2) on an Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMXtend shelf in which the OC-n (n = 3, 12, 48, or 192) high-speed OLIU circuit packs are installed.
Main shelf
A shelf in a multi-shelf configuration that has one or more provisioned sub-tending sub-shelves.
Maintenance Condition
An equipment state in which some normal service functions are suspended, either because of a problem or to perform special functions (copy memory) that cannot be performed while normal service is being provided.
Major
Indicates a service-affecting failure, main or unit controller failure, or power supply failure.
MB
Megabytes
Mb/s
Megabits per second
Minor (MN)
Indicates a nonservice-affecting failure of equipment or facility.
Miscellaneous Discrete Interface
Allows an operations system to control and monitor equipment collocated within a set of input and output contact closures.
MJ
Major Alarm
MM
Multimode
MML
huMan-Machine Language
MN
Minor Alarm
MPEG
Moving Picture Experts Group
MSPP
Multi Service Provisioning Platform
MTBF
Mean Time Between Failures
MTBMA
Mean Time Between Maintenance Activities
Mult
Multipling
Multi Service Provisioning Platform (MSPP)
SONET Add/Drop Multiplexer Network Element with Ethernet/Data capability.
Multiplexer
A device (circuit pack) that combines two or more transmission signals into a combined signal on a shared medium.
Multiplexing
The process of combining multiple signals into a larger signal at the transmitter by a multiplexer. The large signal is then split into the original smaller signals at the receiver by a demultiplexer.
MUX
Multiplex
NA
Not Applicable
NARTAC
North American Regional Technical Assistance Center
NE
network element
NE ACTY
Near-End Activity
Near End
The network element the user is at or is working on. Also called local.
NEBS
Network Equipment-Building System
Network Element (NE)
A node in a telecommunication network that supports network transport services and is directly manageable by a management system.
Network Service Access Point (NSAP) Address
Network Service Access Point Address (used in the OSI network layer 3). An automatically assigned number that uniquely identifies a network element for the purposes of routing DCC messages.
Network Time Protocol
Network time protocol is an easy, accurate, and automatic method to get and synchronize date/time.
NIC
Network Interface Card
nm
Nanometer (10-9 meters)
NMA
Network Monitoring and Analysis
NMON
Not Monitored (provisioning state)
No Request State
This is the routine-operation quiet state in which no external command activities are occurring.
Node
A network element in a ring or, more generally, in any type of network. In a network element supporting interfaces to more than one ring, node refers to an interface that is in a particular ring. Node is also defined as all equipment that is controlled by one system controller. A node is not always directly manageable by a management system.
Nonrevertive Switching
In nonrevertive switching, an active and standby line exist on the network. When a protection switch occurs, the standby line is selected to support traffic, thereby becoming the active line. The original active line then becomes the standby line. This status remains in effect even when the fault clears. That is, there is no automatic switch back to the original status.
Nonvolatile Memory (NVM)
Memory that retains its stored data after power has been removed. An example of NVM would be a hard disk.
Not Monitored (NMON)
A provisioning state for equipment that is not monitored or alarmed.
NR
Not Reported
NRZ
Nonreturn to Zero
NSA
Not Service Affecting
NSAP Address
Network Service Access Point Address (used in the OSI network layer 3)
NTF
No Trouble Found
NTP
Network time protocol
NUT
Nonpreemptible unprotected traffic
NVM
Non-Volatile Memory
OAM&P
Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning
OC-1
Optical Carrier, Level 1 Signal (51.84 Mb/s)
OC-12
Optical Carrier, Level 12 Signal (622.08 Mb/s)
OC-192
Optical Carrier, Level 192 Signal (9953.28 Mb/s) (10 Gb/s)
OC-3
Optical Carrier, Level 3 Signal (155.52 Mb/s)
OC-48
Optical Carrier, Level 48 Signal (2488.32 Mb/s) (2.5 Gb/s)
OC, OC-n - Optical Carrier
The optical signal that results from an optical inversion of an STS signal; that is, OC-1 from STS-1 and OC-n from STS-n.
OCH
Optical Channel
OI
Operations Interworking
OLIU
Optical Line Interface Unit
OOF
Out of Frame
OOL
Out of Lock
OOS
Out-of-Service
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Referring to the OSI reference model, a logical structure for network operations standardized by the International Standards Organization (ISO).
Operations Interface
Any interface providing you with information on the system behavior or control. These include the equipment LEDs, SYSCTL faceplate, WaveStar CIT, office alarms, and all telemetry interfaces.
Operations Interworking (OI)
The capability to access, operate, provision, and administer remote systems through craft interface access from any site in a SONET/SDH network or from a centralized operations system.
Operations System (OS)
A central computer-based system used to provide operations, administration, and maintenance functions.
OPS/INE
Operations System/Intelligent Network Element
Optical Channel (OCH)
The top layer of the DWDM network that provides transport of client signals (for example, SONET, 1GE, OTU2). The OCH layer is comparable in function to the SONET path layer.
Optical Channel Transport Unit 2 (OTU2)
The OTU2 is the information structure used for transport over one or more optical channel connections. It consists of the optical channel data unit and OTU2 related overhead (FEC and overhead for management of an optical channel connection). It is characterized by its frame structure, bit rate, and bandwidth.
Optical Transport Network (OTN)
Network used to transport user signals via ITU compliant wavelengths. The OTN is composed of the OTU2, OCH, and OTS layers.
Optical Transport Section (OTS)
The lowest layer of the OTN that provides physical transport. The OTS layer is terminated on an OTS terminating equipment. The OTS layer is comparable in function to the SONET section layer.
OS
Operations System
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection
OSMINE
Operations Systems Modifications for the Integration of Network Elements
OSP
Outside Plant
OTN
Optical Transport Network
OTS
Optical Transport Signal
OTU2
Optical Channel Transport Unit 2
P-bit
Performance Bit
Pass Through
Paths that are cross-connected directly across an intermediate node in a ring network.
Path
A logical connection between the point at which a standard frame format for the signal at the given rate is assembled, and the point at which the standard frame format for the signal is disassembled.
Path Protection Group
The part of a cross-connection topology that is provisioned to provide path-level protection switching for all the constituent signals carried by the cross-connection. A path protection group can be identified as an entity by its logical output tributary and its cross-connection rate. A path protection group consists of one or more constituent path selectors.
PC
Personal Computer
PCMCIA
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
Peak Information Rate Policer
The peak information rate policer meters packet traffic leaving the internal packet switch and going toward the SONET network. If the packets exceed the provisioned peak information rate, the packets are dropped.
Performance Monitoring (PM)
Measures the quality of service and identifies degrading or marginally operating systems (before an alarm would be generated).
PID
Program Identification
Pipe Mode
Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMXtend supports cross-connections on adaptive rate OC-n ports (pipe mode). The signal rates adapt to the supported set of signal rates. Cross-connections may be provisioned at any cross-connection rate that is supported for the tributaries associated with the OC-n ports. A cross-connection can carry any set of constituent signals; however, the total of the constituent signal rates must not exceed the cross-connection rate. Fault monitoring and performance monitoring occur on the accepted incoming rates.
PIR
Peak information rate
PJC
Pointer Justification Count
Plesiochronous Network
A network that contains multiple maintenance subnetworks, each internally synchronous and all operating at the same nominal frequency, but whose timing may be slightly different at any particular instant. For example, in SONET networks, each timing traceable to their own Stratum 1 clock are considered plesiochronous with respect to each other
PLL
Phase-Locked Loop
PM
Performance Monitoring
POP
Points of Presence
Port (also called Line)
The physical interface, consisting of both an input and output, where an electrical or optical transmission interface is connected to the system and may be used to carry traffic between network elements. The words "port" and "line" may often be used synonymously. "Port" emphasizes the physical interface, and "line" emphasizes the interconnection. Either may be used to identify the signal being carried.
Port Protection Group
A user provisioned association of protected optical interface ports. This association is used for line protection. The group of ports represent both a protection switching entity and also a set of lines that carry services to/from another network element. The port protection groups also determine the set of logical tributaries from and to which cross-connections can be provisioned.
Port State Provisioning
A feature that allows a user to suppress alarm reporting and performance monitoring during provisioning by supporting multiple states (automatic, in-service, and not monitored) for low-speed ports.
Ported Mode
In the Ported mode, a DS3 port receives and transmits a DS3 signal on the backplane electrical interface to the DSX.
Portless Mode
In the Portless mode, a DS3 port does not use backplane electrical connector. This mode is used to map a DS1 being received in a channelized DS3 within an STS1 into a VT, and vice versa. The DS1 is cross-connected at the VT1.5 level.
POTS
Plain Old Telephone Service
PRBS
Psuedo-random Bit Sequence
Proactive Maintenance
Refers to the process of detecting degrading conditions not severe enough to initiate protection switching or alarming, but indicative of an impending signal fail or signal degrade defect (for example, performance monitoring).
Protection
Extra capacity (channels, circuit packs) in transmission equipment that is not intended to be used for service, but rather to serve as backup against failures.
Protection Group
A logical grouping of ports or circuit packs that share a common protection scheme; for example, UPSR switching or 1+1 line.
PROTN
Protection
Provisioning
The modification of certain programmable parameters that define how the node functions with various installed entities. These modifications are initiated locally or remotely by either a CIT or an OS. They may arrive at the node via the IAO LAN, CIT port, or any DCC channel. The provisioned data is maintained in NVM and/or hardware registers.
PTM
Pluggable Transmission Module
PWR
Power
QoS
Quality of Service
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
RAI
Remote Alarm Indication
RAM
Random Access Memory
RDI
Remote Defect Indication
Reactive Maintenance
Refers to detecting defects/failures and clearing them.
Remote
See Far-End (FE).
Remote Defect Indication (RDI)
An indication returned to a transmitting terminal that the receiving terminal has detected an incoming section failure. [Previously called far-end-receive failure (FERF).]
Remote Network Element
Any network element that is connected to the referenced network element through either an electrical or optical link. It may be the adjacent node on a ring or N nodes away from the reference. It also may be at the same physical location, but is usually at another (remote) site.
Revertive
A protection switching mode in which, after a protection switch occurs, the equipment returns to the nominal configuration (that is, the service equipment is active, and the protection equipment is standby) after the clearing of any failure conditions that caused a protection switch to occur or after any external switch commands are reset. See Nonrevertive.
RFI
Remote Failure Indication
Ring
A configuration of nodes comprised of network elements connected in a circular fashion. Under normal conditions, each node is interconnected with its neighbor and includes capacity for transmission in either direction between adjacent nodes. Path switched rings use a head-end bridge and tail-end switch. Line switched rings actively reroute traffic over a protection line.
Ring (0x1) Low-Speed Interface
Formerly referred to as dual 0x1 or single 0x1. In ring applications, Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMXtend may use a 0x1 interface, meaning both fibers carry service, as opposed to a linear (1+1) low-speed interface where one fiber is used for service and other for protection. See 1+1.
RNE
Remote network element
Root node
The node from which path cost to any other node is measured.
RSTP
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
RTAC
Alcatel-Lucent Regional Technical Assistance Center (1-800-225-RTAC)
RTRV
Retrieve
RU
Rack Unit
RZ
Return to Zero
SA
Service Affecting
SARB
Status All Resources Busy
SARB Error
This error response indicates the condition “Status, All Resources Busy.”
SD
Signal Degrade
SEFS
Severely Errored Frame Seconds
Self-Healing
Ring architecture in which two or more fibers are used to provide route diversity. Node failures only affect traffic dropped at the failed node.
Service
The operational mode of a physical entity that indicates that the entity is providing service. This designation will change with each switch action.
SES
Severely Errored Seconds
Severely Errored Seconds (SES)
This performance monitoring parameter is a second in which a signal failure occurs, or more than a preset amount of coding violations (dependent on the type of signal) occur.
SF
Super Frame (format for DS1 signal)
SFP
Small Form Factor Pluggable - Type of pluggable transmission modules used for OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, and optical Ethernet/Data interfaces.
Shelf ID
A switch-settable parameter with values from 1 to 8. Used to log into a selected shelf in a bay using the CIT (does not apply to Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMXtend).
Shelf View
A graphical depiction of one shelf. Selectable objects in this view are the shelf, the slots/circuit packs, and the ports.
SID
System Identification
Site ID
A switch-settable parameter with values from 1 to 8. Displayed on the SYSCTL circuit pack to indicate to which site the faceplate alarms and LEDs apply (does not apply to Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMXtend).
SLA
Service Level Agreement
Slot
A physical position in a shelf for holding a circuit pack and connecting it to the backplane. This term is also used loosely to refer to the collection of ports or tributaries connected to a physical circuit pack placed in a slot.
SM
Single Mode
SMC
SONET Minimum Clock
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
Software Backup
The process of saving an image of the current network element's databases, which are contained in its NVM, to a remote location. The remote location could be the WaveStar CIT or an OS.
Software Download
The process of transferring a software generic from a remote entity to the target network element's memory. The remote entity may be the WaveStar CIT or an OS. The download procedure uses bulk transfer to move an uninterpreted binary file into the network element.
SONET
Synchronous Optical NETwork
Spanning Tree Group
Nodes can be provisioned to belong to a spanning tree group. Only the nodes within that group participate in the spanning tree for the group.
SPE
Synchronous Payload Envelope
Squelch Map
This map contains information for each cross-connection in a ring and indicates the source and destination nodes for the low-speed circuit that is part of the cross-connection. This information is used to prevent traffic misconnection in rings with isolated nodes or segments.
Stand-alone shelf
A shelf that does not have provisioned sub-tending sub-shelves and is not provisioned to operate as a sub-shelf.
Standby
Standby identifies a protected entity which is not currently selected by the receiver at either end as the payload carrying signal hat is not currently carrying service. See Active.
Standing Condition
A standing condition (SC) is either an event (usually user initiated such as a switch request) or an alarm that is provisioned NA (Not Alarmed).
Status
The indication of a short-term change in the system.
STQ
Secondary Transit Queue
Stratum 3 Timing Generator
The timing generator circuit pack, located in the high-speed OLIU circuit pack, that generates clock signals for distribution to the transmit circuits. It operates in the free-running, line-timing, externally timed, and holdover modes.
STS-1 SPE
STS-1 Synchronous Payload Envelope
STS-1 SPE - STS-1 Synchronous Payload Envelope
A 125-µsec frame structure composed of STS path overhead and the STS-1 payload.
STS-12c
Synchronous Transport Level 12 Concatenated Signal
STS-3c
Synchronous Transport Level 3 Concatenated Signal
STS-3c
Synchronous Transport Level 3 Concatenated Signal. See OC-3c.
STS-48c
Synchronous Transport Level 48 Concatenated Signal
STS, STS-n
Synchronous Transport Signal
STS, STS-n - Synchronous Transport Signal
The basic building block signal with a rate of 51.840 Mb/s for an STS-1 signal and a rate of n times 51.840 Mb/s for an STS-n signal.
STU
Synchronized - Traceability Unknown
Sub-shelf
A shelf in a multi-shelf configuration that is provisioned to operate as a sub-tending sub-shelf.
Subnetwork
A group of interconnected/interrelated network elements. The most common connotation is a synchronous network in which the network elements have data communications channel (DCC) connectivity.
Superframe Format (SF)
A DS1 framing format in which 24 DS0 time slots plus a coded framing bit are organized into a frame which is repeated 12 times to form the superframe.
Suspend
Suspend refers to temporarily stopping an upgrade in progress.
Synchronization Messaging
SONET synchronization messaging is used to communicate the quality of network timing, internal timing status, and timing states throughout a subnetwork.
Synchronous Network
The synchronization of transmission systems with synchronous payloads to a master (network) clock that can be traced to a reference clock.
Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)
The North American standard for the rates and formats that defines optical signals and their constituents.
Synchronous Payload
Payloads that can be derived from a network transmission signal by removing integral numbers of bits from every frame. Therefore, no variable bit-stuffing rate adjustments are required to fit the payload in the transmission signal.
Synchronous Payload Envelope (SPE)
The combined payload and path overhead of an STS-1, STS-3c, STS-12c, STS-48c, or STS-48c signal.
SYSCTL
System Controller (circuit pack)
SYSCTL - System Controller
The system controller circuit pack that provides overall administrative control of the terminal.
System View
A graphical depiction of the entire network element. Selectable objects in this view are the bays and shelves.
T1
A carrier system that transmits at the rate of 1.544 Mb/s (a DS1 signal).
T1X1 and T1M1
The ANSI committees responsible for telecommunications standards
T2
A carrier system that transmits at the rate of 6.312 Mb/s (a DS2 signal).
T3
A carrier system that transmits at the rate of 44.736 Mb/s (a DS3 signal).
TA
Telcordia ® Technical Advisory
Target Identifier (TID)
A provisionable parameter that is used to identify a particular network element within a network. It is a character string of up to 20 characters where the characters are letters, digits, or hyphens (-).
TARP
Target Identifiers Address Resolution Protocol
TBD
To Be Determined
TCA
Threshold-Crossing Alert
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDC
TARP Data Cache
TDM
Time Division Multiplexing
Telcordia ®
Telcordia ® is a well-recognized telecommunications' standards organization.
Test Access
A set of cross-connection topologies used in conjunction with a testing system to monitor and "split" signal paths for purposes of fault isolation.
Threshold-Crossing Alert (TCA)
A message type sent from a network element that indicates that a certain performance monitoring parameter has exceeded a specified threshold.
Through (or Continue) Cross-Connection
A cross-connection within a ring, where the input and output tributaries have the same tributary number but are in lines opposite each other.
Through Timing
Refers to a network element that derives its transmit timing in the east direction from a received line signal in the east direction and its transmit timing in the west direction from a received line signal in the west direction.
THz
Terahertz (1012 Hz)
TID
Target Identifier
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
A technique for transmitting a number of separate data, voice, and/or video signals simultaneously over one communications medium by interleaving a portion of each signal one after another.
Time Slot Assignment (TSA)
A capability that allows any tributary in a ring to be cross-connected to any tributary in any lower-rate, nonring interface or to the same-numbered tributary in the opposite side of the ring.
Time Slot Interchange (TSI)
A set of nodes configured as a ring with paths established in both directions of the ring. Switching occurs per-path at the drop nodes.
TIRKS
Trunks Integrated Records Keeping System
TL1
Transaction Language 1
TR
Telcordia ® Technical Requirement
Transaction Language One (TL1)
The permission level associated with each user login that defines which commands the user can execute.
Transparent Mode
In Transparent Mode, port tags (which are actually VLAN tags with a TPID value other than 8100hex) are used to separate traffic for different customers. A port tag is added to each incoming frame at the ingress LAN port. The port tag contains a provisionable customer ID and priority level.
Tributary
A path-level unit of bandwidth within a port, or the constituent signal(s) being carried in this unit of bandwidth; for example, an STS-1 tributary within an OC-N port.
TSA
Time Slot Assignment
TSI
Time Slot Interchange
TSO
Technical Support Organization
TSS
Technical Support Services
UAS
Unavailable Seconds
Unavailable Seconds (UAS)
In performance monitoring, the count of seconds in which a signal is declared failed or in which 10 consecutively severely errored seconds (SES) occurred, until the time when 10 consecutive non-SES occur.
Unidirectional Path-Switched Ring (UPSR)
Path-Switched rings employ redundant fiber optic transmission facilities in a pair configuration, with one fiber transmitting in one direction (for example, East) and the backup fiber transmitting in the other direction (for example, West). If the primary ring fails, then the protection ring takes over.
UPD/INIT
Update/Intialize
UPD/INIT
A push button on the SYSCTL faceplate.
UPSR
Unidirectional Path Switched Rings
User Privilege
Permits a user to perform on the computer system on which the system software runs.
VAC
Volts Alternating Current
VCG
Virtual Concatenation Group
VDC
Volts Direct Current
Virtual LAN (VLAN)
A virtual LAN (VLAN) is a subset of a LAN. A VLAN is created by putting VLAN IDs in packets that indicate membership to a VLAN of that ID. A Local Area Network (LAN) can have multiple VLANs within it, up to the number of IDs available. Members (ports) of different VLANs do not see the traffic of VLANs of which they are not members. A port may be a member of many VLANs (LAN ports in 802.1Q mode, WAN ports). In the Transparent mode, a LAN port is typically assigned membership to a single VLAN.
In Transparent mode, VLANs are assigned to ports using Port Tag (ed-eport and ed-vcg. In 802.1Q mode, VLANs are assigned to ports using VLAN IDs (ent-vlan/ed-vlan).
A VLAN tag is the specific field of information in a packet that carries the VLAN ID number.
Virtual Switch
A virtual switch is a grouping of ports on an Ethernet switch that results in partitioning of the switch into multiple "logical" switches. A port may only be a member of one virtual switch.
Virtual Tributary (VT)
A structure designed for transport and switching of sub-STS-1 payloads. There are currently four sizes: VT1.5 (1.728 Mb/s), VT2 (2.304 Mb/s), VT3 (3.456 Mb/s), and VT6 (6.912 Mb/s).
VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network
VLF
Very Large Fabric
VM
Violation Monitor
VMR
Violation Monitor and Removal
VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol
VPN
Virtual Private Network
vslot
Virtual Slot
VT
Virtual Tributary
VT-G - Virtual Tributary Group
A 9-row by 12-column SONET structure (108 bytes) that carries one or more VTs of the same size. Seven VT groups (756 bytes) are byte-interleaved within the VT-organized STS-1 synchronous payload envelope
VT1.5
Virtual Tributary 1.5 (1.728 Mb/s)
VT1.5 Tributary
A SONET logical signal with a data rate of 1.728 Mb/s. In the 9-row structure of the STS-1 SPE, a VT1.5 occupies three columns. VT-structured STS-1 SPEs are divided into seven VT groups. Each VT group occupies 12 columns of the 9-row structure and, for VT1.5s, contains four VTs per group.
Wait to Restore Time (WRT)
Corresponds to the time to wait before switching back after a failure has cleared (in a revertive protection scheme). The WRT can be between 0 and 12 minutes, in increments of 1 minute.
Wait-to-Rename
Wait to Rename timer for Optimized 1+1 optical line protection. After a protection switch clears, the system waits the provisioned length of time before renaming the working section 1 and working section 2 as Primary and Secondary.
WAN
Wide Area Network
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
A means of increasing the information-carrying capacity of an optical fiber by simultaneously transmitting signals at different wavelengths.
WDCS
Wideband Digital Cross-Connect System
WDM
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Wide Area Network (WAN)
A communication network that uses common-carrier provided lines and covers an extended geographical area.
Wizard
A form of user assistance that automates a procedure through a dialog with the user.
WTR
Wait to Restore Time
XFP
10 Gb/s Small Form Factor Pluggable - Type of pluggable transmission modules used for OC-192 interfaces.
Zero Code Suppression
A technique used to reduce the number of consecutive zeros in a line-codes signal (B3ZS for DS3 signals and B8ZS for DS1 signals).
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