The Alcatel-Lucent 1850 TSS-5 equipped with the VLNC2 System Controller, VLNC35 Fast Ethernet, and VLNC5x SONET/SDH Transport circuit packs continuously monitors its internal condition and incoming signals according to the state of the tributaries and ports.
If a port or tributary is in the IS (in service) state, Alcatel-Lucent 1850 TSS-5 reports failures on the port/tributary and activates the appropriate indicators when a failure occurs.
|
Incoming Signals |
Monitored/Detected Failures |
|---|---|
|
DS11 |
inc. (from DSX) DS1 AIS inc. (from DSX) DS1 LOF inc. (from DSX) DS1 LOS inc. (from DSX) DS1 RAI inc. (from DSX) DS1 sig. failed (BER) |
|
E1 |
inc. (from DSX) E1 AIS inc. (from DSX) E1 LOF inc. (from DSX) E1 LOS inc. (from DSX) E1 RAI inc. (from DSX) E1 sig. failed (BER) incoming CRC-4 MFA mismatch |
|
E3 |
inc. (from DSX) E3 AIS inc. (from DSX) E3 LOS inc. (from DSX) E3 RAI inc. (from DSX) E3 sig. failed (BER) |
|
DS32 |
inc. (from DSX) DS3 AIS inc. (from DSX) DS3 LOF inc. (from DSX) DS3 LOS inc. (from DSX) DS3 RAI inc. (from DSX) DS3 sig. failed (BER) inc. (from fiber) DS3 AIS inc. (from fiber) DS3 LOF inc. (from fiber) DS3 RAI inc. DS3 CBit Mismatch inc. DS3 sig. out of frequency defect |
|
Fast Ethernet |
inc. FELAN LOS inc. FELAN ANM |
|
Gigabit Ethernet |
inc. GELAN LOS inc. GELAN ANM |
|
OC-3 OC-12 OC-48 |
inc. OCN line AIS inc. OCN LOF inc. OCN LOS inc. OCN RFI-L inc. OCN sig. degrade (BER) inc. OCN sig. failed (BER) |
|
STM1 STM4 STM16 |
inc. STMN LOF inc. STMN LOS inc. STMN MS-AIS inc. STMN MS-RFI inc. STMN sig. degrade (BER) inc. STMN sig. failed (BER) |
|
STS-1 STS-3c STS-12c |
inc. STSN AIS inc. STSN LOP inc. STSN RFI-P inc. STSN sig. degrade (BER) inc. STSN sig. failed (BER) inc. STSN unequipped |
|
VC-4 VC-44C |
inc. VCN AU-AIS inc. VCN AU-LOP inc. VCN HP-RFI inc. VCN HP-UNEQ inc. VCN sig. degrade (BER) inc. VCN sig. failed (BER) |
|
VC-12 VC-3 |
inc. VCN LP-RFI inc. VCN LP-UNEQ inc. VCN sig. degrade (BER) inc. VC3 sig. failed (BER) inc. VCN TU-AIS inc. VCN TU-LOP |
|
VCG |
inc. VCG failed inc. VCG LFD inc. VCG LOA |
|
VT1.5 |
inc. VT AIS inc. VT LOP inc. VT RFI-V inc. VT sig. degrade (BER) inc. VT unequipped |
The BER thresholds for DS1 are based on bipolar 8-zero substitution (B8ZS) or alternate mark inversion (AMI) violations depending on line coding.
The BER thresholds for DS3 are based on bipolar 3-zero substitution (B3ZS) coding violations.
When a failure is detected, Alcatel-Lucent 1850 TSS-5 employs automatic diagnostics to isolate the failed circuit pack or signal. Most failures are isolated to an incoming signal failure (inc. sig. failed) or to a single circuit pack, but some failures may be isolated to more than one circuit pack. Failures are reported to the local technician and operations systems so that repair decisions can be made. If desired, operations system personnel and the local technician can use the WaveStar® CIT to gain more detailed information about VLNC35 and VLNC5x-related trouble conditions.
All VLNC35 and VLNC5x-related failures detected and isolated by Alcatel-Lucent 1850 TSS-5 are stored and made available to be reported, on demand, through the WaveStar® CIT. In addition, a history of the past 6000 notifications is maintained and available for on-demand reporting. Each alarm notification is date and time stamped.
If the diagnostic determines that a circuit pack has failed, the red FAULT LED on that circuit pack is turned on. If the diagnostic determines that a pluggable transmission module has failed, the port LED associated with the pluggable transmission module is turned on.
If an incoming electrical/optical signal fails, the red FAULT LED on the affected circuit pack flashes on and off in one-second intervals. If the circuit pack is equipped with pluggable transmission modules, the port LED associated with the pluggable transmission module flashes on and off in one-second intervals.
Alcatel-Lucent 1850 TSS-5 provides alarm-generate delays and alarm-clear delays. The alarm-generate delay is the time in seconds that the system waits before reporting an incoming signal alarm condition. This prevents transient failures from causing unnecessary maintenance activity. The office alarms are not activated, and the operating systems (OSs) are not notified until a failure lasts at least as long as the alarm-generate delay.
The alarm-clear delay is the time in seconds that the system waits before reporting an equipment alarm condition is cleared. Signal failures have a fixed 10-second delay. Alarm-clear delays prevent premature clearing of alarms. Alarm indications are not cleared until a fault condition has been clear for at least as long as the alarm-clear delay.
Alcatel-Lucent 1850 TSS-5 declares an alarm service affecting (SA) or non-service affecting (NSA) based on protection switch status, cross-connection status, and entity states. A condition is declared NSA (non-service affecting) if the system is successfully providing protection switching in response to the condition, or if the failed entity (circuit pack or signal) is in the standby (not active) state. If protection switching is not successful, or if the entity is unprotected, the condition is declared SA (service affecting).
Alcatel-Lucent 1850 TSS-5 automatically masks (suppresses the reporting of) secondary or consequential conditions, allowing the operator to quickly identify the root cause of a problem and the services that are affected.
To minimize the number of alarm conditions reported by an NE, related alarms/status conditions are arranged in hierarchical groups. When more than one alarm or status condition in a hierarchical group exists in a single NE, only the top level condition in that hierarchy is reported.
As a result, Alcatel-Lucent 1850 TSS-5 reports alarm conditions that either
Alcatel-Lucent 1850 TSS-5 does NOT report (in other words, Alcatel-Lucent 1850 TSS-5 masks) alarm conditions that are both
the direct consequence of another condition that is detected and reported by the system, AND
not actionable; that is, cannot be repaired or corrected directly, but can be repaired or corrected by clearing the other condition of which this condition is a direct consequence.
Pre-existing lower-level alarms within a hierarchical group are masked (cleared from the alarm list) when a higher level alarm is detected and reported.
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