Laser safety

System compliance

Alcatel-Lucent 1665 DMX complies with the following laser safety regulations and standards:

This Product is designed to ensure that personnel operating the product are not endangered by laser radiation during normal operation and fault conditions. This product does not present a risk of eye injury because it is fully enclosed and does not contain embedded lasers greater than Class I/1 unless otherwise noted.

The following table shows the optical circuit pack laser safety specifications. The pluggable transmission modules (and the supported circuit packs) are covered in Table 1-2, Pluggable transmission module laser safety specifications.

Table 1-1: Optical circuit pack laser safety specifications

Laser Circuit Pack Code

Wavelength

(nm)

Output Power

(dBm)

Fiber Type

(µm)

Connector Type

FDA Class/

IEC Class

LNW36 OC-3 1

1310

0.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW46 OC-12 1

1310

+2.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW48 OC-12

1310

−8.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW50 OC-12

1310

+2.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW54 OC-12

1550

+2.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW26B OC-48 1

1310

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW27 OC-48

1310

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW28 OC-48 1

1310

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW29 OC-48

1550

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW31 OC-48

1310

0.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW32 OC-48

1310

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW76 OC-48

1310

−3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW77 OC-48 1

1310

0.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW121B–159B OC-48 1

1550–range

+2.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW221–259 OC-48 1

1550–range

+2.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW421–459 OC-48 1

1550–range

+2.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW56 OC-192

1550

+2.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW57 OC-192 1

1550

+6.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW58 OC-192

1310

−1.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW60 OC-192 1

1550

+12.5

Single Mode (9)

LC

IIIb/1M

LNW523 OC-192 1

1550–range

+6.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW527 OC-192 1

1550–range

+6.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW554 OC-192 1

1550–range

+6.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

LNW555 OC-192 1

1533.465

+6.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

Notes:
  1. DA'ed and no longer available.

The following table shows the pluggable transmission module (PTM) laser safety specifications and the supported circuit packs. Use only the following Alcatel-Lucent approved Class 1 SFP/XFP transceivers.

Table 1-2: Pluggable transmission module laser safety specifications

Module Code

Supported Circuit Packs

Wavelength

(nm)

Output Power

(dBm)

Fiber Type

(µm)

Connector Type

FDA Class/

IEC Class

100BASE-FX-I1

LNW70

LNW74

LNW78

LNW87

LNW170

1310

−14.0

Multimode (50 and 62.5)

LC

I(LN50)/1

100BASE- LX-I1

LNW70

LNW74

LNW78

LNW87

LNW170

1310

−8.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

100BASE-ZX-I1

LNW87

LNW170

1550

+2.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

1000BASE- ZX-I1

LNW63

LNW64

LNW70

LNW78

LNW87

LNW170

1550

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

BASE-T-C1 electrical

LNW63

LNW64

LNW70

LNW78

LNW87

LNW170

NA

NA

NA

RJ45

NA

ESCON-MM-I1

LNW73/73C

1310

−14.0

Multimode (50 and 62.5)

LC

I(LN50)/1

GE-1X2XFC-LX-I1

LNW63

LNW64

LNW70

LNW73/73C

LNW78

LNW87

LNW170

LNW705

1310

−3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

GE-1X2XFC-SX-I1

LNW63

LNW64

LNW70

LNW73/73C

LNW78

LNW87

LNW170

LNW705

850

−2.5

Multimode (50 and 62.5)

LC

I(LN50)/1

OC3IR1-I1

LNW37

LNW45

LNW55

LNW82

LNW705

1310

−8.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

OC3LR1-I1

LNW37

LNW45

LNW55

LNW82

LNW705

1310

0.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

OC-3SR1 (S155I2)

LNW37

LNW45

LNW55

LNW82

LNW705

1310

−8.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

OC3X12X48-IR1-I1

LNW55

LNW82

1310

0.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

OC3X12X48-LR1-I1

LNW55

LNW82

1310

3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

OC12IR1-I1

LNW49

LNW55

LNW82

LNW203

LNW705

1310

−8.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

OC12LR1-I1

LNW49

LNW55

LNW82

LNW203

LNW705

1310

+2.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

OC12LR2-I1

LNW49

LNW55

LNW82

LNW203

LNW705

1550

+2.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

OC48LR1-I1

LNW55

LNW62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

LNW705

1310

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

OC48LR2-I1

LNW55

LNW62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

LNW705

1550

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

OC48SR1-I1

LNW55

LNW62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

LNW705

1310

−3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

OC192IR2-C1

LNW59

LNW502

LNW504

LNW603

LNW705

1550

+2.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

OC192IR2-I1

LNW59

LNW705

1550

+2.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

OC192LR2- C1

LNW59

LNW502

LNW504

LNW603

LNW705

1550

+4.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

OC192SR1- C1

LNW59

LNW502

LNW504

LNW603

LNW705

1310

−1.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2D23C6

(OC-48/STM–16/ OTU1 DWDM)

LNW55

LNW62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1558.983

+4.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2D25C6

(OC-48/STM–16/ OTU1 DWDM)

LNW55

LNW62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1557.363

+4.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2D27C6

(OC-48/STM–16/ OTU1 DWDM)

LNW55

LNW62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1555.747

+4.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2D31C6

(OC-48/STM–16/ OTU1 DWDM)

LNW55

LNW62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1552.524

+4.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2D33C6

(OC-48/STM–16/ OTU1 DWDM)

LNW55

LNW62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1550.918

+4.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2D35C6

(OC-48/STM–16/ OTU1 DWDM)

LNW55

LNW62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1549.315

+4.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2D37C6

(OC-48/STM–16/ OTU1 DWDM)

LNW55

LNW62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1547.715

+4.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2D45C6

(OC-48/STM–16/ OTU1 DWDM)

LNW55

LNW62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1541.349

+4.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2D47C6

(OC-48/STM–16/ OTU1 DWDM)

LNW55

LNW62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1539.766

+4.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2D49C6

(OC-48/STM–16/ OTU1 DWDM)

LNW55

LNW62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1538.186

+4.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2D53C6

(OC-48/STM–16/ OTU1 DWDM)

LNW55

LNW62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1535.036

+4.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2D55C6

(OC-48/STM–16/ OTU1 DWDM)

LNW55

LNW62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1533.465

+4.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2D59C6

(OC-48/STM–16/ OTU1 DWDM)

LNW55

LNW62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1530.334

+4.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2G7C47LI

(OC48/STM16 CWDM)

VLNC55

VLNC62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1471

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2G7C49LI

(OC48/STM16 CWDM)

VLNC55

VLNC62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1491

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2G7C51LI

(OC48/STM16 CWDM)

VLNC55

VLNC62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1511

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2G7C53LI

(OC48/STM16 CWDM)

VLNC55

VLNC62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1531

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2G7C55LI

(OC48/STM16 CWDM)

VLNC55

VLNC62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1551

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2G7C57LI

(OC48/STM16 CWDM)

VLNC55

VLNC62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1571

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2G7C59LI

(OC48/STM16 CWDM)

VLNC55

VLNC62

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1591

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S2G7C61LI

(OC48/STM16 CWDM)

LNW82

LNW202

LNW402

LNW504

1611

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S622C47EL

(OC-3/STM-1/OC-12/STM-4 CWDM)

LNW37

LNW45

LNW49

LNW55

LNW82

LNW705

1471

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S622C49EL

(OC-3/STM-1/OC-12/STM-4 CWDM)

LNW37

LNW45

LNW49

LNW55

LNW82

LNW705

1491

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S622C51EL

(OC-3/STM-1/OC-12/STM-4 CWDM)

LNW37

LNW45

LNW49

LNW55

LNW82

LNW705

1511

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S622C53EL

(OC-3/STM-1/OC-12/STM-4 CWDM)

LNW37

LNW45

LNW49

LNW55

LNW82

LNW705

1531

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S622C55EL

(OC-3/STM-1/OC-12/STM-4 CWDM)

LNW37

LNW45

LNW49

LNW55

LNW82

LNW705

1551

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S622C57EL

(OC-3/STM-1/OC-12/STM-4 CWDM)

LNW37

LNW45

LNW49

LNW55

LNW82

LNW705

1571

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S622C59EL

(OC-3/STM-1/OC-12/STM-4 CWDM)

LNW37

LNW45

LNW49

LNW55

LNW82

LNW705

1591

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

S622C61EL

(OC-3/STM-1/OC-12/STM-4 CWDM)

LNW37

LNW45

LNW49

LNW55

LNW82

LNW705

1611

+5.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G21C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW603

LNW705

1560.606

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G22C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW603

LNW705

1559.794

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G23C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW603

LNW705

1558.983

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G24C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW603

LNW705

1558.173

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G25C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW603

LNW705

1557.363

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G26C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW603

LNW705

1556.555

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G27C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW603

LNW705

1555.747

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G28C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW603

LNW705

1554.940

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G31C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW504

LNW603

LNW705

1552.524

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G33C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW504

LNW603

LNW705

1550.918

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G35C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW504

LNW603

LNW705

1549.315

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G37C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW504

LNW603

LNW705

1547.715

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G45C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW504

LNW603

LNW705

1541.349

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G47C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW504

LNW603

LNW705

1539.766

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G49C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW504

LNW603

LNW705

1538.186

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G52C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW603

LNW705

1535.822

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G53C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW603

LNW705

1535.036

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G54C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW603

LNW705

1534.250

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G55C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW603

LNW705

1533.465

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G56C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW603

LNW705

1532.681

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G57C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW603

LNW705

1531.898

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G58C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW603

LNW705

1531.116

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

X10G59C5

(OC-192/STM-64/ OTU2 DWDM)

LNW59

LNW502

LNW603

LNW705

1530.334

+3.0

Single Mode (9)

LC

I(LN50)/1

Notes:
  1. DA'ed and no longer available.

General laser information

Optical fiber telecommunication systems, their associated test sets, and similar operating systems use semiconductor laser transmitters that emit infrared (IR) light at wavelengths between approximately 800 nanometers (nm) and 1600 nm. The emitted light is above the red end of the visible spectrum, which is normally not visible to the human eye. Although radiant energy at near-IR wavelengths is officially designated invisible, some people can see the shorter wavelength energy even at power levels several orders of magnitude below any that have been shown to cause injury to the eye.

Conventional lasers can produce an intense beam of monochromatic light. Monochromatic light is a single wavelength output of pure color that may be visible or invisible to the eye. A conventional laser produces a small-sized beam of light, and because the beam size is small, the power density (also called irradiance) is very high. Consequently, lasers and laser products are subject to federal and applicable state regulations as well as international standards for their safe operation.

A conventional laser beam expands very little over distance, or is said to be very well collimated. Thus, conventional laser irradiance remains relatively constant over distance. However, lasers used in lightwave systems have a large beam divergence, typically 10 to 20 degrees. Here, irradiance obeys the inverse square law (doubling the distance reduces the irradiance by a factor of four) and rapidly decreases over distance.

Lasers and eye damage

The optical energy emitted by laser and high-radiance LEDs in the 400 to 1400–nm range may cause eye damage if absorbed by the retina. When a beam of light enters the eye, the eye magnifies and focuses the energy on the retina magnifying the irradiance. The irradiance of the energy that reaches the retina is higher than at the cornea and, if sufficiently intense, may cause a retinal burn.

The damage mechanism at the wavelengths used in optical fiber telecommunications is thermal in origin; for example, damage caused by heating. Therefore, a specific amount of energy is required for a definite time to heat an area of retinal tissue. Damage to the retina occurs only when one looks at the light sufficiently long that the product of the retinal irradiance and the viewing time exceeds the damage threshold. Optical energies above 1400 nm cause corneal and skin burns, but these optical energies do not affect the retina. The thresholds for injury at wavelengths greater than 1400 nm are significantly higher than those for wavelengths in the retinal hazard region.

Classification of lasers

Manufacturers of lasers and laser products in the United States are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Devices and Radiological Health (FDA/CDRH) under 21 CFR 1040. These regulations require manufacturers to certify each laser or laser product as belonging to one of the following classes: I, II, lla, IlIa, lllb, or IV.

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is an international standards body that writes laser safety standards under IEC-60825. Classification schemes are similar and divided into Classes 1, 1M, 2, 2M, 3B, 3R, and 4. Lasers are classified according to the accessible emission limits and their potential for causing injury.

Optical fiber telecommunication systems are generally classified as Class I/1, because, under normal operating conditions, all energized laser transmitting circuit packs are terminated on optical fibers which enclose the laser energy with the fiber sheath forming a protective housing. Also, a protective housing/access panel is typically installed in front of the laser circuit pack shelves. The circuit packs themselves, however, may be FDA/CDRH Class I, IIIb, or IV or IEC Class 1, 1M, 3B, 3R, or 4. State-of-the-art Raman and EDFA optical amplifiers have now extended into the Class IV/4 designations.

Laser safety precautions for optical fiber telecommunications systems

In its normal operating mode, an optical fiber telecommunication system is totally enclosed and presents no risk of eye injury. It is a Class I/1 system under the FDA/CDRH and IEC classifications.

The fiber optic cables that interconnect various components of an optical fiber telecommunication system can disconnect or break and may expose people to lightwave emission. Also, certain measurements and maintenance procedures may expose the technician to emission from the semiconductor laser during installation and servicing. Unlike more familiar laser devices, such as solid-state and gas lasers, the emission pattern of a semiconductor laser results in a highly divergent beam. In a divergent beam, the irradiance (power density) decreases rapidly with distance. The greater the distance, the less energy will enter the eye and the less potential risk for eye injury. If you inadvertently view an unterminated fiber or damaged fiber with the unaided eye at distances greater than 5 to 6 inches, normally, it will not cause eye injury provided that the power in the fiber is less than a few milliwatts at the near IR wavelengths and a few tens of milliwatts at the far IR wavelengths. However, damage may occur if you use an optical instrument such as a microscope, magnifying glass, or eye loupe to stare at the energized fiber end.

Laser radiation
WARNING  DANGER 

WARNING

Laser hazard

Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous laser radiation exposure.

Do not view directly into the laser beam with optical instruments such as a fiber microscope because viewing of laser emission in excess of Class 1 limits significantly increases the risk of eye damage.

Never look into the end of an exposed fiber or an open connector as long as the optical source is switched on.

Ensure that the optical source is switched off before disconnecting optical fiber connectors.

Laser safety precautions for enclosed systems

Under normal operating conditions, optical fiber telecommunication systems are completely enclosed. Observe the following laser safety precautions for enclosed systems:

Laser safety precautions for unenclosed systems

During service, maintenance, or restoration, an optical fiber telecommunication system is considered unenclosed. Observe the following laser safety precautions for unenclosed systems:

For guidance on the safe use of optical fiber optic communication systems in the workplace, consult ANSI Z136.2, American National Standard for Safe Use of Optical Fiber Communication Systems Utilizing Laser Diodes and LED Sources in the United States or outside the United States, IEC-60825, Part 2.

Laser warning labels

The following figure shows the different types of laser warning labels:

Figure 1-1: Laser warning labels
Laser warning labels
Legend

1. Laser symbol

2. Laser classification labels (This label may show only the laser class or both the laser class and the maximum output power.)

3. Laser warning labels

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