Dynamic data services

A dynamic services data trigger is an object that is created when a frame received on a dynamic services capture SAP is sent to the control plane for authentication. A dynamic services data trigger is uniquely identified with its SAP ID. If the dynamic services data trigger was received on capture SAP x / y / z:*.* with outer-tag = a and inner-tag = b, then the dynamic service data trigger SAP ID is ‟x / y / z:a.b”. For each dynamic services data trigger, the following information is stored.

The dynamic services data trigger information can be displayed as follows:

# show service dynamic-services data-triggers
===============================================================================
Dynamic Services Data-triggers
===============================================================================
SAP                         : 1/1/4:1214.101
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acct session-ID             : 144DFF0000009156A24138
MAC                         : 00:51:00:dd:01:01
IP                          :
State                       : sapCreated
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No. of Data-triggers: 1
===============================================================================

For a data-triggered dynamic data service to be successfully set up, a dynamic services SAP equal to the data trigger SAP ID must be created.

In the same way as the control channel model, multiple dynamic data services can be associated with a single dynamic services data trigger: up to 32 dynamic services during data trigger authentication or up to 4000 in total through CoA. When the dynamic services SAP that corresponds to a data trigger is deleted (teardown action), then all dynamic services associated with that dynamic services data trigger are deleted (teardown action).

In the same way as an Enhanced Subscriber Management (ESM) capture SAP is configured, a dynamic services data trigger capture SAP is configured in a VPLS service and captures frames for authentication. A dynamic service data trigger capture SAP does not forward traffic within the VPLS service, and no MAC learning occurs.

A VPLS capture SAP becomes a dynamic services data trigger capture SAP when a dynamic services policy is configured and the dynamic-services context is enabled (no shutdown). The dynamic services policy specifies the authentication mechanism to be used as detailed in the authentication sections below.

For example:

configure
    service
        vpls 10 customer 1 create
            sap 1/1/4:1214.* capture-sap create
                description "Dynamic Services Data Trigger capture-sap"
                dynamic-services
                    dynamic-services-policy "dyn-svc-1"
                    no shutdown
                exit
                no shutdown
            exit
            no shutdown
        exit
    exit

The trigger-packet type needs to be configured. A dynamic services data trigger capture-sap captures any valid Ethernet frames, including non-IP frames.

Valid dynamic services data trigger capture SAPs are:

• dot1q-encapsulated Ethernet, anchoring, satellite ports or LAGs

  • sap x/y/z:*

  • lag-x:*

  • pxc-x.a:*

  • esat-x/y/z:*

• qinq-encapsulated Ethernet, anchoring, satellite ports or LAGs:

  • sap x/y/z:*.*

  • sap lag-x:*.*

  • sap x/y/z:tag.*

  • sap x/y/z:*.tag

  • sap lag-x:tag.*

  • sap lag-x:*.tag

  • pxc-x.a:*.*

  • pxc-x.a:tag.*

  • esat-x/y/z:*.*

  • esat-x/y/z:tag.*

Enhanced Subscriber Management (ESM) and dynamic services data trigger cannot be enabled simultaneously on a single capture SAP: a no shutdown command of the dynamic-services CLI context is mutually exclusive when configuring an ESM trigger-packet type.

Use the following CLI commands to display capture SAP statistics:

• To display the number of data trigger packets forwarded to the CPM and dropped on the IOM:

  # show service id <service-id> sap <sap-id> sap-stats
  ===============================================================================
  Service Access Points(SAP)
  ===============================================================================
  --- snip ---
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Sap Statistics
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Last Cleared Time     : N/A
                          Packets                 Octets
  CPM Ingress           : 108                     6696
  Forwarding Engine Stats
  Dropped               : 6144                    405504
  

  Table 2. Data trigger packets forwarded/dropped counters

  Counter	Description
  CPM Ingress	Number of dynamic service data triggers received on the capture SAP that are forwarded to CPM
  Forwarding Engine Stats Dropped	Number of dynamic service data triggers is received on the capture SAP that are dropped on IOM

• To display the dynamic services capture SAP control plane statistics (data triggers received and data trigger drop reason counters):

  # show service id 10 dynamic-services capture-sap 1/1/4:1214.* statistics
  ===============================================================================
  Dynamic Services Capture SAP 1/1/4:1214.* Statistics
  ===============================================================================
  Data packets received by SAP                               : 3
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Drop Reason Counters
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  No policy configured at capture SAP level                  : 0
  No authentication configured in policy                     : 0
  Data-trigger already exists                                : 0
  Lockout is active                                          : 0
  Reached data-trigger system limit                          : 0
  No memory available                                        : 0
  Unsuccessful authentication                                : 1
  No data-trigger SAP-id in authentication                   : 0
  Corresponding dynamic SAP is not created                   : 0
  ===============================================================================
  

  Table 3. Data triggers received/dropped reason counters

  Counter	Description
  Data packets received by SAP	Number of dynamic service data triggers received on the capture-sap that reached the CPM
  No policy configured at capture SAP level	No dynamic services policy configured at the capture-sap; required to determine the authentication destination.
  No authentication configured in policy	The authentication section in the specified dynamic services policy is missing or incomplete.
  Data-trigger already exists	A new data trigger frame is received for an existing data trigger that is authenticated, but the corresponding dynamic SAP is not yet created. The new data trigger packet is dropped.
  Lockout is active	The data trigger for this managed SAP is currently in a lockout state because of previous authentication failures.
  Reached data-trigger system limit	The maximum number of dynamic service data triggers supported on the system is reached. Additional data triggers are dropped.
  No memory available	There is not enough system memory available to process the data trigger.
  Unsuccessful authentication	The authentication for a data trigger on this capture SAP failed or timed out.
  No data-trigger SAP-id in authentication	The dynamic services data trigger SAP ID is not provided in authentication. This is a mandatory parameter.
  Corresponding dynamic SAP is not created	The data trigger successfully authenticated but the corresponding dynamic SAP was not created. This is typically caused by a dynamic services script error.

• to clear the dynamic services capture SAP control plane statistics:

  # clear service id <service-id> dynamic-services capture-sap <sap-id> statistics
  

When a valid Ethernet frame is received on a dynamic services data trigger capture SAP, it is sent to the control plane for authentication. The dynamic services policy configured at the capture SAP specifies the RADIUS authentication parameters, as shown in the following example:

configure service
        vpls 10 customer 1 create
            sap 1/1/4:1214.* capture-sap create
                description "Dynamic Services Data Trigger capture-sap"
                dynamic-services
                    dynamic-services-policy "dyn-svc-1"
                    no shutdown
                exit
                no shutdown
            exit
            no shutdown
        exit
        dynamic-services
            dynamic-services-policy "dyn-svc-1" create
                ---snip---
                authentication
                    password "RwXx4x0jao776C3CGlDBKVaNOd//ySXw" hash2
                    server-policy "aaa-server-policy-1"
                exit
                ---snip---
            exit
        exit

Local authentication and RADIUS authentication are mutually exclusive and cannot be configured simultaneously in a config>service>dynsvc>plcy>authentication context.

The server-policy CLI command references the config>aaa>radius-server-policy policy-name to be used for authentication.

The password CLI command specifies the password that is used in all RADIUS Access-Request messages.

RADIUS access-request message attributes specifies the attributes that are included in the RADIUS Access-Request message for dynamic services data triggers.

The attributes that must be returned in the Access-Accept message are the same as for RADIUS-triggered Dynamic Data Services associated with an IPoE or PPPoE session as a control channel.

Local authentication is available for data-triggered dynamic services deployments where RADIUS is used for accounting and dynamic changes (CoA) but cannot provide the actual service provisioning parameters.

When a valid Ethernet frame is received on a dynamic services data trigger capture SAP, it is sent to the control plane for authentication. The dynamic services policy configured at the capture SAP specifies the local authentication parameters, as shown in the following example:

configure service
        vpls 10 customer 1 create
            sap 1/1/4:1214.* capture-sap create
                description "Dynamic Services Data Trigger capture-sap"
                dynamic-services
                    dynamic-services-policy "dyn-svc-2"
                    no shutdown
                exit
                no shutdown
            exit
            no shutdown
        exit
        dynamic-services
            dynamic-services-policy "dyn-svc-2" create
                ---snip---
                authentication
                    local-auth-db "dynsvc-db-1"
                exit
                ---snip---
            exit
        exit

Local authentication and RADIUS authentication are mutually exclusive and cannot be configured simultaneously in a config>service>dynsvc>plcy>authentication context.

The local-auth-db CLI command references the local authentication database to be used for authentication, as shown in the following example:

configure service
        dynamic-services
            local-auth-db "dynsvc-db-1" create
                user-name "1/1/4:1214.101" create
                    description "dynsvc: epipe"
                    index 1 create
                        dynamic-services-policy "dyn-svc-2"
                        sap-id "1/1/4:1214.101"
                        script-parameters-1 "epipe_1={'t':('dynsvc-epipe-1',None,None,10,11)}"
                        accounting 1 create
                            stats-type volume-time
                            update-interval min 30
                        exit
                    exit
                    no shutdown
                exit
                no shutdown
            exit
        exit

A username is used as a key for a lookup in the local authentication database. The username format for dynamic service data triggers is fixed to the SAP ID of the data trigger. For each username entry (data trigger sap-id), multiple dynamic service SAPs can be specified (indexes). The index enables multiple dynamic service SAPs to be associated with a single dynamic service data trigger.

The following data can be specified for each index (dynamic service SAP) in a user-name entry:

• dynamic service sap-id (mandatory)

  The dynamic service SAP ID that is created. The SAP ID of one of the indexes must match the dynamic service data trigger sap-id.

• dynamic-services-policy dynsrv-policy-name (optional)

  Specifies the policy to use for setting up the dynamic service. If not specified, the policy provisioned at the dynamic service data trigger capture-sap is used.

• script-parameters (mandatory)

  Script parameters are used as input to the dynamic data service Python script. They are specified as four strings of up to 250 characters each. The concatenation of all four script parameter strings are passed to the Python script and must be formatted as function-key dictionary. The function-key specifies which Python functions is called, and dictionary contains the actual parameters in a Python dictionary structure format. The format should match the format of the [26-6527-165] Alc-Dyn-Serv-Script-Params attribute when RADIUS authentication is used.

• accounting overrides (optional)

  For each of the two RADIUS accounting destinations, the stats-type and update-interval can be specified. These parameters override the configured value in the dynamic services policy:

  • stats-type specifies if dynamic service RADIUS accounting should be enabled or disabled. RADIUS accounting is enabled by specifying the statistics type: volume and time or time only. RADIUS accounting is disabled when no stats-type is specified.

  • update-interval specifies the time between each dynamic data service accounting interim update. The generation of interim accounting updates is disabled when no update-interval is specified.

A local authentication database can only be used to authenticate a dynamic service data trigger and provide parameters to set up associated dynamic services. The script action cannot be specified and is always set to ‟setup”.

The setup timeout for Access=Accept (CLI command: configure service dynamic-services timers setup-timeout access-accept timeout) also applies for local authenticated dynamic services.

After authentication, the mechanism to set up, modify, and tear down a data triggered dynamic service is the same as for RADIUS-triggered Dynamic Data Services associated with an IPoE or PPPoE session as a control channel.

The auto-provisioning of a data-triggered dynamic service is initiated by the RADIUS messages or local authentication as listed in Dynamic service script actions.

Notes:

• Using the Nas-Port-Id as a key in a CoA or Disconnect-Message targets the corresponding dynamic services SAP; this also occurs when the Nas-Port-Id corresponds with the SAP ID of a data trigger.

• Using the Acct-Session-Id as a key in a CoA or Disconnect-Message targets:

  • the corresponding dynamic services SAP if the Acct-Session-Id belongs to a dynamic services SAP that is not a dynamic services data trigger SAP

  • the data trigger SAP if the Acct-Session-Id belongs to the dynamic services data trigger SAP

• In the event of a tear down, if the dynamic services SAP ID is a dynamic service data trigger SAP ID, all dynamic services associated with that dynamic services data trigger are also removed.

A data-triggered dynamic service must be explicitly removed by one of the following:

• with a RADIUS Disconnect message containing the Acct-Session-Id or NAS-Port-Id as key

• with a RADIUS CoA message containing the Acct-Session-Id or NAS-Port-Id as key and Alc-Dyn-Serv-Script-Action VSA with value 3 (teardown)

• with a CLI clear command: clear>service>dynamic-services>data-trigger sap sap-id

  All dynamic service SAPs associated with the dynamic services data trigger is removed.

• with a CLI tools command: tools>perform>service>dynamic-services> evaluate-script sap sap-id control-session acct-session-id action teardown

  The control session accounting session ID corresponds to the dynamic services data trigger accounting session ID.

The removal of a dynamic service SAP that is a data trigger SAP results in the removal (teardown) of all dynamic service SAPs associated with that dynamic services data trigger.

To prevent a data-triggered dynamic service from being immediately set up again after it was removed (because traffic is still being received), the following procedures can be used:

• Authentication failure

  • Update the configuration of the RADIUS server or local authentication such that the authentication for the dynamic service data trigger fails

  • Tear down the dynamic service

  • The dynamic service is not set up again because the data trigger authentication fails, resulting in a host-lockout when provisioned.

• VID filter on the capture-sap

  • Add the data trigger encapsulation to a VID filter (ingress MAC filter of type vid) that is applied on the data trigger capture-sap

  • Tear down the dynamic service

  • The dynamic service is not set up again because the data trigger is now dropped by the VID filter applied on the capture-sap

As a dynamic services data trigger capture-sap potentially forward all valid Ethernet frames for authentication to the control plane, control plane protection mechanisms are required to prevent overload conditions.

1. capture-sap data trigger packet throttling (frames dropped at IOM)

   The number of data trigger packets sent to the control plane via the ingress forwarding complex is rate-limited based on a hash using the sap ID, outer tag, and inner tag as the key. The per-hash result is that a maximum of 1 frame is forwarded to the control plane.

   This throttling mechanism is always enabled and has no configuration options. It guarantees fairness between different encapsulation while limiting the frame rate sent to the control plane.

2. Blocking VLANs from authenticating (frames dropped at the IOM)

   This can be achieved by applying ingress MAC filters of type VID with the capture-sap command. In the example below, frames with encap 1/1/4:1214.20 is dropped by the VID filter.

   configure
       service
           vpls <service-id> customer <customer-id>
               sap 1/1/4:1214.* capture-sap
                   dynamic-services
                       dynamic-services-policy <dynsvc-policy-name>
                       no shutdown
                   exit
                   ingress
                       filter mac 10
                   exit
               exit
           exit
       exit
       filter
           mac-filter 10 create
               default-action forward
               type vid
               entry 10 create
                   match frame-type ethernet_II
                       outer-tag 20 4095
                   exit
                   action
                       drop
                   exit
               exit
           exit
       exit
   

3. Dynamic service data trigger rate limiting in the control plane (frames dropped at the CPM)

   An overall rate limit of dynamic service data triggers limits the number of frames that come from the different IOMs to an acceptable rate for the control plane to handle.

   Control plane rate-limiting for dynamic service data triggers is always enabled and has no configuration options.

4. Using a lockout mechanism to protect the RADIUS infrastructure from overload because of permanent failing authentications of Python script errors.

   The existing Enhanced Subscriber Management (ESM) host lockout mechanism can be enabled on a dynamic services data trigger capture-sap.

   The dynamic services data trigger sap-id is used as a key for the host-lockout context. A host-lockout context is created whenever a data trigger is deleted:

   • Authentication failures: RADIUS Access Reject, RADIUS Access-Accept with a wrong or missing data trigger SAP ID, timeout, local authentication lookup failure, local authentication returns a wrong or no data-trigger sap-id.

   • No data trigger SAP created within the configured dynamic services access-accept setup timeout (30 seconds by default):

     configure service dynamic-services timers setup-timeout access-accept <timeout>

   • A dynamic services Python script failure

   • A clear command on a data trigger:

     clear service dynamic-services data-trigger sap <sap-id>

   • A tear down of a data trigger initiated via a CoA or Disconnect Message

   The last two bullets are tear down operations that occur infrequently and should not result in an actual lockout; only the host lockout context is created and should disappear again when the lockout-reset-time expires. This is configured in the host-lockout-policy:

   configure subscriber-mgmt host-lockout-policy <policy-name> lockout-reset-time 
   <seconds>   (default 60 seconds).
   

   To enable host lockout for dynamic services data trigger, configure a host-lockout-policy at the dynamic services data trigger capture-sap:

   configure service
           vpls <service-id> customer <customer-id>
               sap <sap-id> capture-sap
                   dynamic-services
                       dynamic-services-policy <dynsvc-policy-name>
                       no shutdown
                   exit
                   host-lockout-policy <policy-name>
               exit
           exit
   

   The host-lockout-policy is configured in the config>subscr-mgmt CLI context. For data-triggered dynamic services, the host-key in the policy must be set to all which is achieved with the no host-key CLI command (default). Configuring the host key to mac in a host lockout policy associated with a dynamic service data trigger capture-sap is a configuration error and results in a faulty host lockout behavior.

   Use the following show command to display active dynamic services data trigger capture SAP lockouts (the capture SAP must be used as the sap-id):

   # show subscriber-mgmt host-lockout-policy "host-lockout-1" all sap 1/1/4:1214.*
   ===============================================================================
   Host Lockout Policy "host-lockout-1"
   ===============================================================================
   Description                        Host lockout policy
   Last Mgmt Change                   01/25/2016 16:37:47
   Lockout time min                   10
   Lockout time max                   3600
   Lockout reset time                 60
   Max lockout hosts                  100
   Host key                           all
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Active Lockouts for SAP: 1/1/4:1214.*
   ===============================================================================
   circuit-id/                        elapsed  current  elapsed  next     nr
     mac/                             reset    lock     lock     lock     of
   remote-id                          time (s) time (s) time (s) time (s) lockouts
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   :1214.101                          0        10       1        20       1
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Nr of active lockouts              1
   Nr of lockouts in grace period     0
   Nr of total lockouts:              1
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Totals for Host Lockout Policy "host-lockout-1"
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Nr of active lockouts              1
   Nr of lockouts in grace period     0
   Nr of total lockouts:              1
   ===============================================================================
   

   Use the following command to clear active dynamic services data trigger capture SAP lockouts (the capture SAP must be used as the sap-id):

   # clear subscriber-mgmt host-lockout-policy [policy <host-lockout-policy-
   name>] <lockout-state>
   # clear subscriber-mgmt host-lockout-policy sap <sap-id> [lockout-state]
   

5. Use the cpu-protection and dist-cpu-protection commands on the platforms that support it.

   When using the cpu-protection command, a cpu-protection policy-id is needed to apply on the capture SAP.

   configure
       system 
           security 
               cpu-protection
                   policy 200 create
                       overall-rate 100
                       out-profile-rate 50 
                   exit                                    
               exit
           exit
       exit
       service
           vpls <service-id> customer <customer-id>
               sap 1/1/1:*.* capture-sap create
                   cpu-protection 200
                   dynamic-services
                       dynamic-services-policy "dynServPolicy"
                       no shutdown
                   exit
                   no shutdown
               exit
           exit
       exit
   

   When using the dist-cpu-protection command, a dist-cpu-protection policy-id is needed to apply on the capture SAP.

   configure
       system 
           security 
               dist-cpu-protection
                   policy "distCpuProt" create
                       static-policer "dcpuStatPol" create
                           rate packets 50 within 1
                           exceed-action discard
                           detection-time 5
                       exit
                       protocol all-unspecified create
                           enforcement static "dcpuStatPol"
                       exit
                   exit
               exit
           exit
       exit
       service
           vpls <service-id> customer <customer-id>
               sap 1/1/1:*.* capture-sap create
                   dynamic-services
                       dynamic-services-policy "dynServPolicy"
                       no shutdown
                   exit
                   dist-cpu-protection "distCpuProt"
                   no shutdown
               exit
           exit
       exit
   

To enable dynamic services data trigger debugging, use the following debug commands:

debug
    dynamic-services
        data-triggers
            # multiple capture-sap commands allowed
            capture-sap <sap-id> [encap-val <qtag[.qtag]>] [mode <mode>]
            capture-sap <sap-id> [encap-val <qtag[.qtag]>] [mode <mode>]
        exit
    exit

During debugging, the system logs data trigger events such as:

• data trigger received

• data trigger authentication events

• data trigger SAP created

• dynamic service SAP created

• dropped data trigger with drop reason such as data trigger already exists or lockout active

The encap-val command limits the debug output to data trigger events for specific encapsulation values.

The mode specifies which data trigger events are logged: all events or dropped data trigger events only.