OAM

svcIdInvalid

Table 1. svcIdInvalid properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2053

Event name

svcIdInvalid

SNMP notification prefix and OID

N/A

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

Service id $serviceId$ is invalid: $reasonToReport$

Cause

Svc-ping tried to send or process a packet to a non-existent svc-id.

Effect

N/A

Recovery

N/A

svcIdWrongType

Table 2. svcIdWrongType properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2054

Event name

svcIdWrongType

SNMP notification prefix and OID

N/A

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

Service id $serviceId$ has a wrong type: $reasonToReport$

Cause

Svc-ping tried to send or process a packet to a svc-id with a wrong svc-type.

Effect

N/A

Recovery

N/A

tmnxAncpLoopbackTestCompleted

Table 3. tmnxAncpLoopbackTestCompleted properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2004

Event name

tmnxAncpLoopbackTestCompleted

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-TEST-MIB.tmnxOamPingNotifications.7

Default severity

warning

Source stream

main

Message format string

The ANCP loopback test for ANCP string $tmnxOamAncpHistoryAncpString$ has ended. The access Node has sent Result $tmnxOamAncpHistoryAccNodeResult$; code$tmnxOamAncpHistoryAccNodeCode$; and reply string $tmnxOamAncpHistoryAccNodeRspStr$.

Cause

An ANCP loopback is finished and a notification was explicitly requested.

Effect

N/A

Recovery

N/A

tmnxAncpLoopbackTestCompletedL

Table 4. tmnxAncpLoopbackTestCompletedL properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2005

Event name

tmnxAncpLoopbackTestCompletedL

SNMP notification prefix and OID

N/A

Default severity

warning

Source stream

main

Message format string

The ANCP loopback test for ANCP string $tmnxOamAncpHistoryAncpString$ has ended. The access Node has sent Result $tmnxOamAncpHistoryAccNodeResult$; code$tmnxOamAncpHistoryAccNodeCode$; and reply string $tmnxOamAncpHistoryAccNodeRspStr$.

Cause

N/A

Effect

N/A

Recovery

N/A

tmnxOamDiagTestCompleted

Table 5. tmnxOamDiagTestCompleted properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2150

Event name

tmnxOamDiagTestCompleted

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-TEST-MIB.tmnxOamDiagNotifications.1

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

OAM $tmnxOamDiagCtlTestMode$ test " $tmnxOamDiagCtlTestIndex$" created by "$tmnxOamDiagCtlOwnerIndex$" run #$tmnxOamTestRunIndex$ completed

Cause

A tmnxOamDiagTestCompleted trap is generated at the end of every diagnostic test run. A diagnostic test is configured using tmnxOamDiagCtlTable. tmnxOamDiagCtlTestMode indicates the type of the diagnostic test (e.g. 'findEgressDiag(1)'). tmnxOamTestRunIndex indicates the run number of the completed diagnostic test run. For example, the second run of a test with owner 'owner_A' and test 'test_Z' has tmnxOamTestRunIndex=2.

Effect

The result of the test run can be read (e.g. from the indicated row in tmnxOamFindEgrDiagResultsTable).

Recovery

No recovery is required.

tmnxOamLdpTtraceAutoDiscState

Table 6. tmnxOamLdpTtraceAutoDiscState properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2055

Event name

tmnxOamLdpTtraceAutoDiscState

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-TEST-MIB.tmnxOamTraceRouteNotifications.4

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

The discovery state of the 'Auto Ldp Tree Trace entity' has changed to $tmnxOamLTtraceAutoDiscoveryState$

Cause

The discovery state of the 'Auto Ldp Tree Trace entity' represented by tmnxOamLTtraceAutoDiscoveryState has been changed.

Effect

N/A

Recovery

N/A

tmnxOamLdpTtraceFecDisStatus

Table 7. tmnxOamLdpTtraceFecDisStatus properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2057

Event name

tmnxOamLdpTtraceFecDisStatus

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-TEST-MIB.tmnxOamTraceRouteNotifications.6

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

The FEC $strTmnxOamLTtraceFecPrefix$/$strTmnxOamLTtraceFecPrefLen$ is discovered with $tmnxOamLTtraceFecDisPaths$ paths. The discovery status BITs are $strTmnxOamLTtraceFecDisStatusBits$.

Cause

The discovery status BITS or the number of discovered paths of the 'auto discovered FEC' has been changed. Note that the changes were evaluated at the end of a FEC discovery.

Effect

N/A

Recovery

N/A

tmnxOamLdpTtraceFecPFailUpdate

Table 8. tmnxOamLdpTtraceFecPFailUpdate properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2058

Event name

tmnxOamLdpTtraceFecPFailUpdate

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-TEST-MIB.tmnxOamTraceRouteNotifications.7

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

Path probe state update for the 'auto discovered' FEC, $strTmnxOamLTtraceFecPrefix$/ $strTmnxOamLTtraceFecPrefLen$. $tmnxOamLTtraceFecFailedProbes$ out of $tmnxOamLTtraceFecDisPaths$ paths are in failed probing state.

Cause

The probe state of the 'auto discovered FEC' has been changed.

Effect

N/A

Recovery

N/A

tmnxOamLdpTtraceFecProbeState

Table 9. tmnxOamLdpTtraceFecProbeState properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2056

Event name

tmnxOamLdpTtraceFecProbeState

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-TEST-MIB.tmnxOamTraceRouteNotifications.5

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

The probe state of the 'auto discovered' FEC, $strTmnxOamLTtraceFecPrefix$/ $strTmnxOamLTtraceFecPrefLen$, has changed to $tmnxOamLTtraceFecProbeState$.$tmnxOamLTtraceFecFailedProbes$ out of $tmnxOamLTtraceFecDisPaths$ paths are in failed probing state.

Cause

The probe state of the 'auto discovered FEC' has been changed.

Effect

N/A

Recovery

N/A

tmnxOamPingProbeFailedV3

Table 10. tmnxOamPingProbeFailedV3 properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2001

Event name

tmnxOamPingProbeFailedV3

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-TEST-MIB.tmnxOamPingNotifications.8

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

OAM $tmnxOamPingCtlTestMode$ test "$tmnxOamPingCtlTestIndex$" created by " $tmnxOamPingCtlOwnerIndex$" run #$tmnxOamPingResultsTestRunIndex$ probe $tmnxOamPingHistoryIndex$ failed

Cause

A probe failure was detected when the corresponding tmnxOamPingCtlTrapGeneration object is set to probeFailure(0) subject to the value of tmnxOamPingCtlTrapProbeFailureFilter. The object tmnxOamPingCtlTrapProbeFailureFilter can be used to specify the number of successive probe failures that are required before this notification can be generated.

Effect

N/A

Recovery

N/A

tmnxOamPingTestCompletedV3

Table 11. tmnxOamPingTestCompletedV3 properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2003

Event name

tmnxOamPingTestCompletedV3

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-TEST-MIB.tmnxOamPingNotifications.10

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

OAM $tmnxOamPingCtlTestMode$ test "$tmnxOamPingCtlTestIndex$" created by " $tmnxOamPingCtlOwnerIndex$" run #$tmnxOamPingResultsTestRunIndex$ completed

Cause

A ping test when the corresponding tmnxOamPingCtlTrapGeneration object is set to testCompletion(2).

Effect

N/A

Recovery

N/A

tmnxOamPingTestFailedV3

Table 12. tmnxOamPingTestFailedV3 properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2002

Event name

tmnxOamPingTestFailedV3

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-TEST-MIB.tmnxOamPingNotifications.9

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

OAM $tmnxOamPingCtlTestMode$ test "$tmnxOamPingCtlTestIndex$" created by " $tmnxOamPingCtlOwnerIndex$" run #$tmnxOamPingResultsTestRunIndex$ failed

Cause

A ping test failed when the corresponding tmnxOamPingCtlTrapGeneration object is set to testFailure(1). In this instance tmnxOamPingCtlTrapTestFailureFilter specifies the number of probes in a test required to have failed in order to consider the test as failed.

Effect

N/A

Recovery

N/A

tmnxOamPmThrClear

Table 13. tmnxOamPmThrClear properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2301

Event name

tmnxOamPmThrClear

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-PM-MIB.tmnxOamPmNotifications.2

Default severity

warning

Source stream

main

Message format string

OAM-PM TCA cleared for session "$tmnxOamPmCfgSessName$", test type $tmnxOamPmStsBaseTestType$, measurement interval duration $tmnxOamPmStsMeasIntvlDuration$, MI start $tmnxOamPmStsBaseStartTime$ UTC, delay bin type $tmnxOamPmNotifThrDelayBinType$. Threshold type $tmnxOamPmNotifThrType$, direction $tmnxOamPmNotifThrDirection$, bin lower bound (us) $tmnxOamPmNotifThrBinLowerBound$, configured threshold $tmnxOamPmNotifThrCfgClear$, operational value $tmnxOamPmNotifThrOperClear$. TCA type $tmnxOamPmNotifThrStateType$, suspect flag $tmnxOamPmStsBaseSuspect$.

Cause

A tmnxOamPmThrClear trap is sent at the end of an OAM-PM measurement interval when a loss or delay counter meets or falls below its configured Clear threshold. At most one tmnxOamPmThrClear trap is sent per tmnxOamPmThrRaise trap. OAM-PM thresholds are explained in the description clauses of tmnxOamPmCfgThrDelayTable, tmnxOamPmCfgThrLossFwBwAgTable, and tmnxOamPmCfgThrLossFwBwTable. OAM-PM counters are explained in the description clauses of the tmnxOamPmStatsTableObjs tables.

Effect

For an LMM test, the loss of live traffic has met or fallen below a configured threshold. For other test types, the loss or delay of OAM-PM test probes has met or fallen below a configured threshold, indicating a possible improvement in the loss or delay of live traffic.

Recovery

No recovery is required for this trap.

tmnxOamPmThrRaise

Table 14. tmnxOamPmThrRaise properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2300

Event name

tmnxOamPmThrRaise

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-PM-MIB.tmnxOamPmNotifications.1

Default severity

warning

Source stream

main

Message format string

OAM-PM TCA raised for session "$tmnxOamPmCfgSessName$", test type $tmnxOamPmStsBaseTestType$, measurement interval duration $tmnxOamPmStsMeasIntvlDuration$, MI start $tmnxOamPmStsBaseStartTime$ UTC, delay bin type $tmnxOamPmNotifThrDelayBinType$. Threshold type $tmnxOamPmNotifThrType$, direction $tmnxOamPmNotifThrDirection$, bin lower bound (us) $tmnxOamPmNotifThrBinLowerBound$, configured threshold $tmnxOamPmNotifThrCfgRaise$, operational value $tmnxOamPmNotifThrOperRaise$. TCA type $tmnxOamPmNotifThrStateType$, suspect flag $tmnxOamPmStsBaseSuspect$.

Cause

A tmnxOamPmThrRaise trap is sent when an OAM-PM loss or delay counter meets or exceeds its configured Raise threshold. If an Average Frame Loss Ratio (FLR) threshold (i.e. tmnxOamPmCfgThrLossAvgFlrRaise) is met or exceeded, the tmnxOamPmThrRaise trap is sent at the end of the measurement interval. If another type of threshold (e.g. tmnxOamPmCfgThrLossHliRaise) is met or exceeded, the tmnxOamPmThrRaise trap is sent when the problem is detected. The Average FLR threshold is a special case because the measured Average FLR can fluctuate during a measurement interval. At most one tmnxOamPmThrRaise trap is sent per threshold type during one OAM-PM measurement interval. For example, at most one tmnxOamPmThrRaise trap is sent to record an excessive High Loss Indicator (HLI) count in the forward direction seen in a particular 15 minute interval belonging to the SLM test belonging to OAM-PM session 'oamPmSession1'. OAM-PM thresholds are explained in the description clauses of tmnxOamPmCfgThrDelayTable, tmnxOamPmCfgThrLossFwBwAgTable, and tmnxOamPmCfgThrLossFwBwTable. OAM-PM counters are explained in the description clauses of the tmnxOamPmStatsTableObjs tables.

Effect

For an LMM test, the loss of live traffic has met or exceeded a configured threshold. For the other test types, the loss or delay of OAM-PM test probes has met or exceeded a configured threshold, indicating possible excessive loss or excessive delay of live traffic.

Recovery

Fix the cause of the excessive loss or excessive delay.

tmnxOamSaaThreshold

Table 15. tmnxOamSaaThreshold properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2101

Event name

tmnxOamSaaThreshold

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-TEST-MIB.tmnxOamSaaNotifications.1

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

OAM SAA $tmnxOamSaaCtlTestMode$ test "$tmnxOamSaaCtlTestIndex$" created by "$tmnxOamSaaCtlOwnerIndex$" run # $tmnxOamSaaTTestRunIndex$ crossed $tmnxOamSaaTDirection$ $tmnxOamSaaTType$ threshold $tmnxOamSaaTThreshold$ with value $tmnxOamSaaTValue$

Cause

At the completion of an SAA OAM trace route test the threshold has been crossed for a results statistic.

Effect

N/A

Recovery

N/A

tmnxOamSathSvcStrmCompleted

Table 16. tmnxOamSathSvcStrmCompleted properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2401

Event name

tmnxOamSathSvcStrmCompleted

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-SERV-ACTIV-TEST-MIB.tmnxOamSathNotifications.2

Default severity

warning

Source stream

main

Message format string

Service activation service test "$tmnxOamSathCfgSvcTestName$" run $tmnxOamSathStsSvcTestRun$ service stream $tmnxOamSathCfgSvcStrmNum$ completed ($tmnxOamSathStsSvcStrmOprState$)

Cause

The tmnxOamSathSvcStrmCompleted notification is sent at the end of a Y.1564 service-stream run.

Effect

Informational. If the service-stream run failed, a live deployment of the services owned by the service-stream may fail.

Recovery

If the service-stream run failed, investigate the cause.

tmnxOamSathSvcTestCompleted

Table 17. tmnxOamSathSvcTestCompleted properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2400

Event name

tmnxOamSathSvcTestCompleted

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-SERV-ACTIV-TEST-MIB.tmnxOamSathNotifications.1

Default severity

warning

Source stream

main

Message format string

Service activation service test "$tmnxOamSathCfgSvcTestName$" run $tmnxOamSathStsSvcTestRun$ completed ($tmnxOamSathStsSvcTestOprState$)

Cause

The tmnxOamSathSvcTestCompleted notification is sent at the end of a Y.1564 service-test run.

Effect

Informational. If the service-test run failed, a live deployment of the services owned by the service-test may fail.

Recovery

If the service-test run failed, investigate the cause.

tmnxOamTrPathChange

Table 18. tmnxOamTrPathChange properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2050

Event name

tmnxOamTrPathChange

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-TEST-MIB.tmnxOamTraceRouteNotifications.1

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

OAM $tmnxOamTrCtlTestMode$ test "$tmnxOamTrCtlTestIndex$" created by " $tmnxOamTrCtlOwnerIndex$" run #$tmnxOamTrResultsTestRunIndex$ path changed

Cause

The path to a target has changed.

Effect

N/A

Recovery

N/A

tmnxOamTrTestCompleted

Table 19. tmnxOamTrTestCompleted properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2052

Event name

tmnxOamTrTestCompleted

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-TEST-MIB.tmnxOamTraceRouteNotifications.3

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

OAM $tmnxOamTrCtlTestMode$ test "$tmnxOamTrCtlTestIndex$" created by " $tmnxOamTrCtlOwnerIndex$" run #$tmnxOamTrResultsTestRunIndex$ completed

Cause

The OAM trace route test has just completed.

Effect

N/A

Recovery

N/A

tmnxOamTrTestFailed

Table 20. tmnxOamTrTestFailed properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2051

Event name

tmnxOamTrTestFailed

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-OAM-TEST-MIB.tmnxOamTraceRouteNotifications.2

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

OAM $tmnxOamTrCtlTestMode$ test "$tmnxOamTrCtlTestIndex$" created by " $tmnxOamTrCtlOwnerIndex$" run #$tmnxOamTrResultsTestRunIndex$ failed

Cause

The OAM trace route test failed to complete successfully.

Effect

N/A

Recovery

N/A

tmnxTwampRflInactivityTimeout

Table 21. tmnxTwampRflInactivityTimeout properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2205

Event name

tmnxTwampRflInactivityTimeout

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-TWAMP-MIB.tmnxTwampNotifications.6

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

TWAMP Reflector test session localAddr $tmnxTwampRflNotifLocalAddr$ port $tmnxTwampRflNotifLocalUdpPort$ remoteAddr $tmnxTwampRflNotifRemoteAddr$ port $tmnxTwampRflNotifRemoteUdpPort$ disconnected because REFWAIT expired, Client Connection Addr $tmnxTwampSrvNotifClientAddr$

Cause

The tmnxTwampRflInactivityTimeout notification is generated when a TWAMP test session is disconnected by the TWAMP Reflector because the session was inactive for a period exceeding the reflector's inactivity timeout (tmnxTwampRflInactTimeout).

Effect

The TWAMP reflector cannot receive any traffic on the disconnected session.

Recovery

Check the IP connectivity between this reflector and the TWAMP client.

tmnxTwampSrvInactivityTimeout

Table 22. tmnxTwampSrvInactivityTimeout properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2200

Event name

tmnxTwampSrvInactivityTimeout

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-TWAMP-MIB.tmnxTwampNotifications.1

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

TWAMP server control connection to client $tmnxTwampSrvConnClientAddr$ disconnected because it was inactive for $tmnxTwampSrvConnIdleTime$ seconds

Cause

The tmnxTwampSrvInactivityTimeout notification is generated when a TWAMP control connection was disconnected by the TWAMP server because the connection was inactive for a period exceeding the server's inactivity timeout (tmnxTwampSrvInactTimeout).

Effect

The TWAMP client cannot request test runs on the disconnected connection.

Recovery

Check the IP connectivity between this node and the TWAMP client.

tmnxTwampSrvMaxConnsExceeded

Table 23. tmnxTwampSrvMaxConnsExceeded properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2201

Event name

tmnxTwampSrvMaxConnsExceeded

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-TWAMP-MIB.tmnxTwampNotifications.2

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

TWAMP server control connection to client $tmnxTwampSrvNotifClientAddr$ could not be established because the system limit ( $tmnxTwampSrvConnectionCount$ concurrent connections) has been reached

Cause

The tmnxTwampSrvMaxConnsExceeded notification is generated when a TWAMP control connection could not be established by the TWAMP server because the system-level maximum number of concurrent TWAMP control connections (tmnxTwampSrvMaxConnections) has been reached.

Effect

The TWAMP client cannot request test runs on the rejected connection.

Recovery

Configure the system-level maximum number of concurrent TWAMP control connections to a larger value, or disconnect any TWAMP control connection.

tmnxTwampSrvMaxSessExceeded

Table 24. tmnxTwampSrvMaxSessExceeded properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2203

Event name

tmnxTwampSrvMaxSessExceeded

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-TWAMP-MIB.tmnxTwampNotifications.4

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

TWAMP server session to client $tmnxTwampSrvNotifClientAddr$ could not be established because the system limit ( $tmnxTwampSrvSessionCount$ concurrent sessions) has been reached

Cause

The tmnxTwampSrvMaxSessExceeded notification is generated when a TWAMP session could not be established by the TWAMP server because the system-level maximum number of concurrent TWAMP sessions (tmnxTwampSrvMaxSessions) has been reached.

Effect

The TWAMP client cannot request test runs on the rejected session.

Recovery

Configure the system-level maximum number of concurrent TWAMP sessions to a larger value, or disconnect any TWAMP session.

tmnxTwampSrvPfxMaxConnsExceeded

Table 25. tmnxTwampSrvPfxMaxConnsExceeded properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2202

Event name

tmnxTwampSrvPfxMaxConnsExceeded

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-TWAMP-MIB.tmnxTwampNotifications.3

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

TWAMP server control connection to client $tmnxTwampSrvNotifClientAddr$ could not be established because the limit for prefix $tmnxTwampSrvPrefixAddr$/$tmnxTwampSrvPrefixLen$ ($tmnxTwampSrvPfxConnCount$ concurrent connections) has been reached

Cause

The tmnxTwampSrvPfxMaxConnsExceeded notification is generated when a TWAMP control connection could not be established by the TWAMP server because the maximum number of concurrent TWAMP control connections configured against the TWAMP client's prefix (tmnxTwampSrvPrefixMaxConnections) has been reached.

Effect

The TWAMP client cannot request test runs on the rejected connection.

Recovery

Configure the prefix's maximum number of concurrent TWAMP control connections to a larger value, or disconnect a TWAMP control connection which uses the prefix.

tmnxTwampSrvPfxMaxSessExceeded

Table 26. tmnxTwampSrvPfxMaxSessExceeded properties

Property name

Value

Application name

OAM

Event ID

2204

Event name

tmnxTwampSrvPfxMaxSessExceeded

SNMP notification prefix and OID

TIMETRA-TWAMP-MIB.tmnxTwampNotifications.5

Default severity

minor

Source stream

main

Message format string

TWAMP server session to client $tmnxTwampSrvNotifClientAddr$ could not be established because the limit for prefix $tmnxTwampSrvPrefixAddr$/$tmnxTwampSrvPrefixLen$ ($tmnxTwampSrvPfxSessionCount$ concurrent sessions) has been reached

Cause

The tmnxTwampSrvPfxMaxSessExceeded notification is generated when a TWAMP session could not be established by the TWAMP server because the maximum number of concurrent TWAMP sessions configured against the TWAMP client's prefix (tmnxTwampSrvPrefixMaxSessions) has been reached.

Effect

The TWAMP client cannot request test runs on the rejected session.

Recovery

Configure the prefix's maximum number of concurrent TWAMP sessions to a larger value, or disconnect a TWAMP session which uses the prefix.